Publication: Tasnîf ve tertîb arasında medrese müfredâtını düşünmek
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki eğitim-öğretim geleneği, tarihî açıdan İslâm medeniyetinin tecrübesine, özellikle de Nizâmiye medreselerindeki lisânî
ve naklî, ayrıca Merv merkezli Büyük Selçuklu-Harizmşahlar medreselerindeki aklî-hikemî uygulamaların bir terkibine dayanır. Şüphesiz ki, bu eğitim-öğretim geleneği en iyi ifadesini medrese müfredatlarında bulur. İlk dönem Osmanlı medrese müfredatlarının içeriği hakkında bilgi veren derli
toplu eserler günümüze ulaşmamıştır. Ancak 17. yy.dan itibaren farklı hedeflerle bu müfredatların verildiği çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bunlardan Fransız
hükümetinin isteği üzerine, XVIII. yüzyılın ilk yarısında, Osmanlı hükümeti tarafından bir müderrise yazdırılan Kevâkib-i sebʻa (telifi 1155/1741) adlı
eser, Osmanlı medreselerindeki öğretimin mantığı, okutulan eserler, öğretim yöntemleri ve amaçları gibi hususlarda ayrıntılı bilgi veren elimizdeki en
önemli metindir. Eser iki ana bölümden oluşmakta olup yazar birinci bölümde ilimlerin tasnifini verir; ikinci bölümde de bu tasniften hareketle ilimlerin hangi yöntem üzere tahsil edileceği üzerinde durur. Bu çalışmada söz konusu eser merkeze alınarak Osmanlı medreselerinde okutulan eserlerin
okunma düzeni takip edilecek; ilimlerin iktisâr, iktisâd ve istiksâ yani ilk, orta ve ileri olmak üzere üç seviyeye ayrılmasının mantığı araştırılacak; her
bir seviyenin aşağı, orta ve yukarı olarak alt-bölümlenmesi, ilimlerin tertibi, kademeleri ve hem ilimlerin hem de her bir ilim dalında okutulan eserlerin
öğrenim sırası ortaya konacaktır.
The educational tradition in the Ottoman Empire is historically based on the experience of Islamic civilization, especially the language and transmission in the Nizamiye madrasahs, as well as the rational-hikemi practices in the Merv-centered Great Seljuk-Harizmshahs madrasahs. Undoubtedly, this tradition of education finds its best expression in madrasah curricula. The compact works that give information about the content of the first-period Ottoman madrasah curricula have not reached the present day. However, since the 17th century, there have been studies in which these curricula are given with different objectives. One of these works is Kevâkib-i sebʻa (copyright 1155/1741), which was dictated to a professor (müderris) by the Ottoman government in the first half of the 18th century at the request of the French government. This work is the most critical text, which gives detailed information about the logic of teaching in Ottoman madrasahs, the works taught, teaching methods, and purposes. The work consists of two main parts, and the author gives the classification of sciences in the first part. Based on this classification, the second part focuses on which method the sciences will be collected. In this study, the reading order of the works taught in Ottoman madrasas will be followed by taking the work in question into the center. The reason for the division of sciences into three levels, primary (iktisâr), intermediate (iktisâd), and advanced (istiksâ), will be investigated. Sub-division of each level as lower, middle, and upper, the order of sciences, their levels, and the order of education of both sciences and works taught in each branch of science will be revealed.
The educational tradition in the Ottoman Empire is historically based on the experience of Islamic civilization, especially the language and transmission in the Nizamiye madrasahs, as well as the rational-hikemi practices in the Merv-centered Great Seljuk-Harizmshahs madrasahs. Undoubtedly, this tradition of education finds its best expression in madrasah curricula. The compact works that give information about the content of the first-period Ottoman madrasah curricula have not reached the present day. However, since the 17th century, there have been studies in which these curricula are given with different objectives. One of these works is Kevâkib-i sebʻa (copyright 1155/1741), which was dictated to a professor (müderris) by the Ottoman government in the first half of the 18th century at the request of the French government. This work is the most critical text, which gives detailed information about the logic of teaching in Ottoman madrasahs, the works taught, teaching methods, and purposes. The work consists of two main parts, and the author gives the classification of sciences in the first part. Based on this classification, the second part focuses on which method the sciences will be collected. In this study, the reading order of the works taught in Ottoman madrasas will be followed by taking the work in question into the center. The reason for the division of sciences into three levels, primary (iktisâr), intermediate (iktisâd), and advanced (istiksâ), will be investigated. Sub-division of each level as lower, middle, and upper, the order of sciences, their levels, and the order of education of both sciences and works taught in each branch of science will be revealed.
Description
Keywords
Citation
FAZLIOĞLU Ş., \"Tasnîf ve Tertîb Arasında Medrese Müfredâtını Düşünmek\", III. Uluslararası Osmalı Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 7 - 09 Haziran 2022
