Publication: Danıştay Kararlarında Mücbir Sebep Kavramı_x000D_
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Mücbir sebep kavramı, İdare Hukukunda iki boyutuyla incelenmesi gereken bir kavramdır. İlki idareninsorumluluğunu kaldıran veya azaltan haller; ikincisi ise kişilerin idareye karşı yükümlülüklerini yerinegetirmesini önleyen durumlar.Danıştay Kararlarına bakıldığında idarenin sorumluluğunu kaldıran mücbir sebep hallerinindaralmaya başladığını görmekteyiz. Çünkü idare bazı olayları öngöremese de olumsuz sonuçlarınıönceden alınacak tedbirlerle önleme kudret ve yetkisine sahiptir.Kişilerin idareye karşı yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmelerini önleyen mücbir sebepler hakkında bazıkanun ve yönetmelik hükümleri mevcuttur. Bu kurallar incelendiğinde, idareye takdir yetkisi bırakılandurumlarda, bir hadisenin mücbir sebep sayılması için; idareye karşı bir taahhüdün veya yükümlülüğünyerine getirilmesini engellemesi, idarenin muhatabı kişilerin kusurundan kaynaklanmaması ve kişilerinortadan kaldırmaya gücünün yetememesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda idare teşkilatına dahil birim,makam ve görevlilerin işlem ve eylemleri de kişiler bakımından mücbir sebep olarak kabul edilmelidir.Ayrıca belirtmek gerekir ki kişilerin idareyle ilişkilerinde bazı yükümlülüklerini yerine getirememeleriveya haklarını kullanamamaları hallerini düzenleyen açık mevzuat kuralı olmasa dahi, hakkaniyetgereğince mücbir sebeplerin varlığı dikkate alınmalıdır. Uygulamada bu yönde idari yargı kararları damevcuttur.
The concept of force majeure must be examined in two dimensions in Administrative Law. The first_x000D_ one is situation that removes or decreases the responsibility of the administration; the latter is the_x000D_ situations that prevent people from fulfilling their obligations to the administration._x000D_ When we look at the decisions of the Council of State, we see that the force majeure conditions are_x000D_ beginning to shrink. Because, although the administration can not foresee some events, İt has the power_x000D_ and authority to prevent the negative consequences by the help of measures to be taken in advance._x000D_ On the other hand there are some laws and regulations about force majeure which prevent people from_x000D_ fulling their obligations to the administration. When these rules are examined, in cases where discretion_x000D_ is not authorized to the administration some certain conditions should be provided. Pre-emptively there must be an incident is considered a force majeure, thereafter this incident must prevent the_x000D_ fulfillment of a commitment or obligation to the administration. And finally the incident should not_x000D_ be caused by the fault of the people and people should not be able to eliminate this incident. In this_x000D_ context, the operations and actions of the units, authorities and officials involved in the administrative_x000D_ organization should be considered as force majeure._x000D_ It should also be noted that the existence of force majeure must be taken into account, even if there is no_x000D_ explicit regulation rule governing the failure of individuals to fulfill certain obligations in their relations_x000D_ with the administration by means of the justice and equity.
The concept of force majeure must be examined in two dimensions in Administrative Law. The first_x000D_ one is situation that removes or decreases the responsibility of the administration; the latter is the_x000D_ situations that prevent people from fulfilling their obligations to the administration._x000D_ When we look at the decisions of the Council of State, we see that the force majeure conditions are_x000D_ beginning to shrink. Because, although the administration can not foresee some events, İt has the power_x000D_ and authority to prevent the negative consequences by the help of measures to be taken in advance._x000D_ On the other hand there are some laws and regulations about force majeure which prevent people from_x000D_ fulling their obligations to the administration. When these rules are examined, in cases where discretion_x000D_ is not authorized to the administration some certain conditions should be provided. Pre-emptively there must be an incident is considered a force majeure, thereafter this incident must prevent the_x000D_ fulfillment of a commitment or obligation to the administration. And finally the incident should not_x000D_ be caused by the fault of the people and people should not be able to eliminate this incident. In this_x000D_ context, the operations and actions of the units, authorities and officials involved in the administrative_x000D_ organization should be considered as force majeure._x000D_ It should also be noted that the existence of force majeure must be taken into account, even if there is no_x000D_ explicit regulation rule governing the failure of individuals to fulfill certain obligations in their relations_x000D_ with the administration by means of the justice and equity.