Publication: FAHREDDİN ER-RÂZÎ’NİN ‘DİLDE KESİNLİK’
SORUNUNA YAKLAŞIMI: TESPİT VE TERCİH
Abstract
Dilin en temel öğesi lafız ve ifade ettiği anlam, İslam düşünce geleneğinde kelâm,fıkıh, mantık ve felsefe gibi metin yorumuyla ilgilenen disiplinler tarafından çeşitliincelemelere konu olmuştur. Söz gelimi, lafız ve manadan hangisinin öncelenmesigerektiği, lafzın manaya delâlet şekilleri, müşterek ve mecâz kelimelerin imkânve vukûu bunlardan bazılarıdır. Fahreddin er-Râzî (ö. 606/1210) sonrası ilim dünyasınıngündemine girip özellikle akıl-nakil ilişkisi bağlamında tartışılan, ‘dilseldelâletin zannîliği’ meselesi de temel metin yorum problemleri arasında yer alır.Bu makale, dilsel delâletin zannîliği hakkında, Râzî’nin ortaya koyduğu teorininne olduğuna ilişkin görüşleri tespit edip bunların değerlendirilmesini konu edinmektedir.Ayrıca bu çalışmayla, Râzî’ye göre dilsel delâletin ‘karineler’ yoluylakesinlik ifade ettiği gösterilecektir. Bunun için makalenin ilk bölümünde dildekesinliğin ne anlama geldiği, dilde kesinliğe engel olan öğelerin neler olduğu vebunların dilsel delâletin katiliğine nasıl zarar verdiği ele alınacak; ikinci bölümdeise Râzî’nin eserlerinde bu konuya temas ettiği ilgili bölümler tespit edilecektir.Son bölümde ise dilsel delâletin zannîliği hakkında Râzî’nin görüşü belirlenecektir.
The essential elements of any language are a word and its meaning. This couple has been subject to various studies by disciplines concerned with the interpretation of texts, such as kalam, fiqh, logic, and philosophy within the Islamic tradition. Among these problematizations, we can count the question of whether the word or the meaning should be prioritized; the shape of vocabulary signs for the meanings; the potentiality; and the occurrence of metaphoric words. The problem of indefinite signifiers in language, which became a problem for the world of science only after al-Razi (d. 606/1210), is one of the fundamental problems in text interpretation. This problem was discussed primarily in the context of the reason-revelation relation. This study discusses and evaluates Razi’s theory and remarks regarding the signfication of the word. Besides, in this study, we will show that linguistic signification expresses certainty, according to Razi. Thus, the first part of the article will examine the meaning of certainty of language, the elements that inhibit the certainty of language, and how these elements damage the certainty of language. In the second part, we will determine where in Razi’s corpus he discusses these questions. In conclusion, Razi’s views on linguistic signification’s conjecturality will be evaluated.
The essential elements of any language are a word and its meaning. This couple has been subject to various studies by disciplines concerned with the interpretation of texts, such as kalam, fiqh, logic, and philosophy within the Islamic tradition. Among these problematizations, we can count the question of whether the word or the meaning should be prioritized; the shape of vocabulary signs for the meanings; the potentiality; and the occurrence of metaphoric words. The problem of indefinite signifiers in language, which became a problem for the world of science only after al-Razi (d. 606/1210), is one of the fundamental problems in text interpretation. This problem was discussed primarily in the context of the reason-revelation relation. This study discusses and evaluates Razi’s theory and remarks regarding the signfication of the word. Besides, in this study, we will show that linguistic signification expresses certainty, according to Razi. Thus, the first part of the article will examine the meaning of certainty of language, the elements that inhibit the certainty of language, and how these elements damage the certainty of language. In the second part, we will determine where in Razi’s corpus he discusses these questions. In conclusion, Razi’s views on linguistic signification’s conjecturality will be evaluated.