Publication: İnşaat sektöründe güvenlik kültürünün iyileştirilmesi
Abstract
İnşaat sektörü, zayıf güvenlik kayıtları nedeniyle en güvensiz sektörlerden biri olarak bilinmektedir ve iş güvenliği literatüründe, güvenlik performansını artırmanın ana yolunun pozitif bir güvenlik kültürü kazanmak olduğu konusunda geniş bir kabul vardır. Bununla birlikte, güvenlik kültürüyle ilgili yapılan çoğu çalışma yalnızca tek bir ülke kapsamında yapılmış ve ülkeler arası çalışmalara çok az önem verilmiştir. Kültür kavramı özü itibariyle bulunduğu bölgeye ait olduğundan tek bir bölgede yapılan çalışma diğer bölgeleri yansıtmayabilir. Bu amaçla inşaat sektöründe birçok ülkeyi kapsayan bir güvenlik kültürü çalışması hedeflenmiştir. Tez çalışması kapsamında anket modeli geliştirilmiş inşaat sektöründe güvenlik kültürünün temel faktörlerini belirlenmiştir. Çalışma iki aşamada yapılmıştır. İlk aşamada anket çalışması İngiltere, Macaristan, Polonya, Türkiye, Fransa, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Singapur, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Romanya ve Gürcistan'ın da aralarında bulunduğu 10 ülkede 311 inşaat çalışanı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Faktör analizi yoluyla yedi faktör çıkarılmıştır: Güvenlik bilinci, Risk algısı, Kadercilik ve iyimserlik, Güvenlik takibi ve iletişim, Yaptırım ve teşvik, Koruma politikası ve İş baskısı ve işin önceliği. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise Türkiye’de İstanbul ve Kocaeli’de 72 inşaat çalışanı ile anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiş, anketin mantıksal olarak da doğrulanması sağlanmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak güvenlik kültürü ile katılımcıların demografik değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki de incelenmiştir. Bulgular, iş tecrübesi, eğitim düzeyi ve çalışma durumunun bireylerin güvenlik kültürü üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda çalışmada ülkeler arasında güvenlik kültürü faktörlerindeki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar araştırılmıştır. Kadercilik ve iyimserlik ile İş baskısı ve öncelik faktörlerinin inşaat sektöründe güvenlik kültürünün zayıflamasına en önemli katkıda bulunan unsurlar olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak çalışmanın kısıtlarına ve gelecek çalışmalara değinilmiş, önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
The construction industry is known to be one of the most unsafe industries due to poor safety records, and there is wide recognition in the literature that gaining a positive safety culture is the main to enhance safety performance. However, most studies on safety culture have only been carried out in a single country, and little attention has been paid to cross-country studies. Since the concept of culture belongs inherently to the region it is located in, the research conducted in one region may not reflect the other. For this purpose, a safety culture study including many countries in the construction industry was aimed. Within the scope of the thesis, a survey model was developed, and the key factors of safety culture in the construction industry were determined. The study was carried out in two stages. At first, it was conducted with 311 construction employees in ten countries, including the United Kingdom, Hungary, Poland, Turkey, France, the United States, Singapore, the United Arabic Emirates, Romania and Georgia. Through factor analysis, seven factors were extracted: Safety awareness, Risk perception, Fatalism and optimism, Safety monitoring and communication, Sanction and incentive, Protection policy, and Work pressure and priority. Second, the survey was conducted with 72 construction employees in Istanbul and Kocaeli in Turkey, and the logical verification of the survey was ensured. In addition, the relationship between safety culture and the demographic variables of participants is also investigated. The findings suggested that work experience, education level, and employment status have a significant impact on the safety culture of individuals. The thesis study also discussed similarities and differences in these factors across countries, and concluded that Fatalism and optimism and Work pressure and priority factors are the most significant contributors to the weakening of safety culture in the construction industry. Finally, the limitations of the study and future studies were mentioned, and suggestions were made.
The construction industry is known to be one of the most unsafe industries due to poor safety records, and there is wide recognition in the literature that gaining a positive safety culture is the main to enhance safety performance. However, most studies on safety culture have only been carried out in a single country, and little attention has been paid to cross-country studies. Since the concept of culture belongs inherently to the region it is located in, the research conducted in one region may not reflect the other. For this purpose, a safety culture study including many countries in the construction industry was aimed. Within the scope of the thesis, a survey model was developed, and the key factors of safety culture in the construction industry were determined. The study was carried out in two stages. At first, it was conducted with 311 construction employees in ten countries, including the United Kingdom, Hungary, Poland, Turkey, France, the United States, Singapore, the United Arabic Emirates, Romania and Georgia. Through factor analysis, seven factors were extracted: Safety awareness, Risk perception, Fatalism and optimism, Safety monitoring and communication, Sanction and incentive, Protection policy, and Work pressure and priority. Second, the survey was conducted with 72 construction employees in Istanbul and Kocaeli in Turkey, and the logical verification of the survey was ensured. In addition, the relationship between safety culture and the demographic variables of participants is also investigated. The findings suggested that work experience, education level, and employment status have a significant impact on the safety culture of individuals. The thesis study also discussed similarities and differences in these factors across countries, and concluded that Fatalism and optimism and Work pressure and priority factors are the most significant contributors to the weakening of safety culture in the construction industry. Finally, the limitations of the study and future studies were mentioned, and suggestions were made.