Publication: Türkiye’de eğitime ayrılan kaynaklar ve eğitimin iktisadi büyüme ve türk ekonomisindeki etkileri
Abstract
TÜRKİYE’DE EĞİTİME AYRILAN KAYNAKLAR VE EĞİTİMİN İKTİSADİ BÜYÜME VE TÜRK EKONOMİSİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ Ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın sağlanmasında ülkeler için en önemli faktör iyi eğitilmiş ve verimli hale getirilmiş nitelikli insan gücü kaynağıdır. Ülkelerin uluslararası piyasalarda rekabet gücü elde edebilmesi için, iyi yetişmiş insan gücü olan beşeri sermayeye ihtiyacı vardır. Eğitim yoluyla bilgi ve becerisi artan nitelikli insan gücü, üretimi dolayısıyla verimliliği arttırarak ekonominin gelişmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Nitelikli insan gücünün kalitesini ve miktarını belirleyen güçlü eğitim sistemlerini oluşturabilmek için, yeterli finansman kaynağı gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de de ekonominin ihtiyaç duyduğu nitelikli işgücünün sağlanması ve rekabet gücünün kazanılması ancak eğitim sisteminin geliştirilmesi ile mümkün olacaktır. Türkiye’nin genç bir nüfusa sahip olması ve eğitime olan talepteki büyük artışlara karşılık devlet kaynakları, eğitimi finanse etmeye yetmemektedir. Devlet kaynakları eğitimi finanse etmeye yetmediğinden eğitim hizmetlerinin, tüm toplum kesimlerine istenilen düzeyde ve etkin bir şekilde ulaştırılması mümkün olmamaktadır. Kaynak yetersizliği nedeniyle okulların, çağdaş gereksinimlere yanıt verebilecek yapıya sahip olmaması ve modern teknolojilerle donatılmaması eğitimin kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Türkiye’de beşeri sermayenin niteliğini arttırmak amacıyla, yetersiz olan eğitim seviyesinin yükseltilmesi için yeni kaynaklar yaratılarak eğitime ayrılan kaynakların artırılması ve mevcut kaynakların da etkin kullanılması gerekir. Ayrıca ülke gerçeklerine ve teknolojik geliş¬melere cevap verecek bir insan gücü planlaması yapılarak, kapsamlı ve kaliteli bir eğitim politikası izlenmelidir. Bu sayede eğitim ile kişisel gelirde artış, gelir dağılımında adalet, istihdam imkanlarında artış sağlanarak, insanların refah düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesinin artırılması mümkün olacaktır.
RESOURCES ALLOCATED FOR EDUCATION IN TURKEY AND EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TURKISH ECONOMY The most significant factor for countries is well educated and efficient labor force resources for economic growth and development. Countries need human capital, namely well educated labor force, in order to be able to gain competitive power in international markets. Qualified labor force with increased information and skills gained by education increases production and hence efficiency, thus contributes to the development of the economy of the country. Sufficient finance resources are needed to establish strong educational systems that determine the quality and quantity of qualified labor force. Provision of qualified labor force that the Turkish economy needs and gaining competitive power will only be possible by development of the education system. The resources of the state do not suffice to finance education despite the fact that Turkey has a young population and the extensive increase in demand for education. Since the resources of the country are not sufficient to finance education, it is not possible to convey all sectors of the society at the required level and in an effective manner. Since schools do not have the structure to respond contemporary requirements and are not furnished with modern technologies due to lack of resources, the quality of education is effected adversely. New resources should be created, the resources allocated for education should be increased and the existing resources should be used in an effective manner in order to increase the level of education with the purpose of improving the quality of human capital. Furthermore, a comprehensive and high quality policy of education should be implemented by planning labor force in a manner that will respond to the realities of the country and technological developments. In this manner, it will be possible to increase the level of prosperity and quality of living of people as personal income will increase, income distribution will become more equitable and employment opportunities will increase with education.
RESOURCES ALLOCATED FOR EDUCATION IN TURKEY AND EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TURKISH ECONOMY The most significant factor for countries is well educated and efficient labor force resources for economic growth and development. Countries need human capital, namely well educated labor force, in order to be able to gain competitive power in international markets. Qualified labor force with increased information and skills gained by education increases production and hence efficiency, thus contributes to the development of the economy of the country. Sufficient finance resources are needed to establish strong educational systems that determine the quality and quantity of qualified labor force. Provision of qualified labor force that the Turkish economy needs and gaining competitive power will only be possible by development of the education system. The resources of the state do not suffice to finance education despite the fact that Turkey has a young population and the extensive increase in demand for education. Since the resources of the country are not sufficient to finance education, it is not possible to convey all sectors of the society at the required level and in an effective manner. Since schools do not have the structure to respond contemporary requirements and are not furnished with modern technologies due to lack of resources, the quality of education is effected adversely. New resources should be created, the resources allocated for education should be increased and the existing resources should be used in an effective manner in order to increase the level of education with the purpose of improving the quality of human capital. Furthermore, a comprehensive and high quality policy of education should be implemented by planning labor force in a manner that will respond to the realities of the country and technological developments. In this manner, it will be possible to increase the level of prosperity and quality of living of people as personal income will increase, income distribution will become more equitable and employment opportunities will increase with education.