Publication: II. Abdülhamit’in Kuzey Afrika siyaseti : Şeyh Zafir ve Ertuğrul tekkesi
Abstract
Şeyh Zâfir olarak ünlenmiş olan Muhammed Zâfir Efendi, 1829 (H.1244) yılında Trablusgarp’a yakın Mısrata şehrinde doğmuştur. Küçük yaşlarda babasının yanında eğitim alan Şeyh Zâfir Efendi’nin, yine o yaşlarda babası ile birlikte Medine ve Trablus’ta bulunduğunu bilmekteyiz. Bunun yanında babasının köklerinin Şiraz’dan geldiğinin bilinmesi, bu coğrafyanın da aile üzerindeki etkilerini bize göstermektedir. Şeyh Zâfir’i meşhur kılan özelliği, II. Abdülhamit tarafından çevreden merkeze getirilmesi ve onun Kuzey Afrika siyasetinde bir danışman niteliğinde kullanılmasıdır. Bunun için 43 yaşında Afrika’dan getirtilip, ömrünün sonuna kadar diğer ulemanın aksine Meşihat Meclisi’ne bağlanmayıp kendisine tahsis edilen tekkede yaşamıştır. II. Abdülhamit, geniş bir alana yayılan Osmanlı topraklarını idare edebilmek için bu topraklarda İslam’ı ortak paydada tutarak etkin olmaya çalışmıştır. Bunun yanında güçlenen Avrupa’ya karşı da güç oluşturmak istemiştir. Bunun için de coğrafî koşullardan dolayı nüfuz etmekte zorlandığı yerlerden saygın kişileri getirtip, hem o coğrafya ile alakalı bilgi edinmek hem de orada söz sahibi olabilmek için bu yolu tercih etmiştir. Bu bağlamda da Şeyh Zâfir ve ailesinin imparatorluk merkezine temelli olarak yerleşmesi için birçok imkan tanımıştır. Bunun için ilk önce Beşiktaş’ta Yıldız Sarayı’na yakın bir mevkide kendisi için Ertuğrul Tekke ismi verilen bir dergâh tahsis edilmiştir. Bunun yanında daha sonraki süreçte ailesi ile birlikte yaşaması için bir de konak inşa ettirilmiştir. Kendisine ve diğer aile fertlerine yüksek miktarlarda maaş, birçok nişan ve imkan verilen bu ailenin yerleşmesi saray tarafından sağlanmıştır. Ertuğrul Tekke’de Yıldız Sarayı’na Anadolu’dan, Arap vilayetlerinden ve Avrupa’dan gelen misafirler konaklatılmıştır. Tekke bu yönüyle bir nevi devlet misafirhanesi işlevi görmüştür. Bu tezde, Şeyh Zâfir Efendi’nin ve Ertuğrul Tekke’nin İslamcılık siyaseti bağlamında nasıl bir pozisyona sahip olduğu ortaya konulmak istenmiştir. eyh Zâfir, Ertuğrul Tekke, Şazeliyye, II. Abdülhamit, Afrika Siyaseti, Kuzey Afrika, İslam Birliği.
Muhammed Zafir Efendi, known as Sheykh Zâfir, born in Mısrata, near Tripoli, in 1829 (1244). We know that in his early ages he was teached by his father, and also he dwelled in Medina and Tripoli with him. In addition to this, information about his father's origins came from Shiraz shows to us the geographical affects of this area on his family. His speciality popularised him is that he was taken into center of the circle from the outside and be used as an adviser by Abdulhamid II, for the policy of North Africa. For this purpose he was taken from Africa when he was 43 years old and on the contrary the other ulemas, he didn't linked up with the Council of Meşihat and he lived in a tekke to the end of his life. Abdulhamid II attempted to be effective to manage extensive lands of Ottoman Empire by making Islam a common ground. He wanted not only to rule these lands, but also to create a power against European states. Thus he gathered notables from regions, which were tough to manage, to have a voice and to obtain informations about there. In this regard he enabled for dwelling of Seykh Zafir and his family in Bâb-ı Âli. For this purpose a dergah, called Ertugrul Tekke near the Yıldız Palace in Besiktas, was assigned for him. Also a mansion was built for him to live with his family. It was given wages and opportutinites for him and his family by the palace. Guests came to Yildiz Palace from Europe, Anatolia and Arabia were entertained in Ertugrul Tekke. From this aspect Ertugrul Tekke fonctioned as an official guesthouse. In this thesis it was proposed to reveal how an Islamist position Sheykh Zafir and Ertugrul Tekke had. Key Words: Sheykh Zafir, Ertugrul Tekke, Shazeliyye, Abdulhamid II, Policy of Africa, North Africa, Islamic Unity.
Muhammed Zafir Efendi, known as Sheykh Zâfir, born in Mısrata, near Tripoli, in 1829 (1244). We know that in his early ages he was teached by his father, and also he dwelled in Medina and Tripoli with him. In addition to this, information about his father's origins came from Shiraz shows to us the geographical affects of this area on his family. His speciality popularised him is that he was taken into center of the circle from the outside and be used as an adviser by Abdulhamid II, for the policy of North Africa. For this purpose he was taken from Africa when he was 43 years old and on the contrary the other ulemas, he didn't linked up with the Council of Meşihat and he lived in a tekke to the end of his life. Abdulhamid II attempted to be effective to manage extensive lands of Ottoman Empire by making Islam a common ground. He wanted not only to rule these lands, but also to create a power against European states. Thus he gathered notables from regions, which were tough to manage, to have a voice and to obtain informations about there. In this regard he enabled for dwelling of Seykh Zafir and his family in Bâb-ı Âli. For this purpose a dergah, called Ertugrul Tekke near the Yıldız Palace in Besiktas, was assigned for him. Also a mansion was built for him to live with his family. It was given wages and opportutinites for him and his family by the palace. Guests came to Yildiz Palace from Europe, Anatolia and Arabia were entertained in Ertugrul Tekke. From this aspect Ertugrul Tekke fonctioned as an official guesthouse. In this thesis it was proposed to reveal how an Islamist position Sheykh Zafir and Ertugrul Tekke had. Key Words: Sheykh Zafir, Ertugrul Tekke, Shazeliyye, Abdulhamid II, Policy of Africa, North Africa, Islamic Unity.