Publication: İstanbul’da yetişen bazı sebzelerde ağır metal birikiminin tesbiti
Abstract
İSTANBUL’DA YETİŞEN BAZI SEBZELERDE AĞIR METAL BİRİKİMİNİN TESBİTİ Bu çalışmada 2007 yılında trafiğin yoğun olduğu yol kenarı, atıksu, kenar semt, sanayi, şehir içi ve iki tane kontrol bölgesi olmak üzere toplam 7 lokaliteden, Petroselinum crispum (Miller) A.W. Hill, Solanum melongena L., Capsicum annuum L. Phaseolus vulgaris L., Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla (L) Moq’ ya ait yıkanmış ve yıkanmamış sebze örnekleri ile yetiştikleri toprak örnekleri toplanarak, İstanbul’ da yetiştirilen sebzelerdeki ağır metal miktarı, kirlilik kaynaklarının çeşitleri, uzaklığı, ağır metallerin hava ve toprak yolu ile kontamine olma oranları tespit edilmeye çalışıldı. Topladığımız örneklerde bulunan Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb ve Zn miktarları, ön işlemlerden geçirilerek, ICP – OES ile tayin edildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar, SPSS istatistik programında değerlendirildi. Ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek Cd değeri; Biberde (0.27±0.04 µg/ g dw, 1.04±0.10 µg/ g dw), fasulyede (0.27±0.05 µg/ g dw, 0.76±0.26 µg/ g dw), maydanozda 0.24±0.08 µg/ g dw, 0.80±0.35 µg/ g dw), kara lahanada (0.28±0.21 µg/ g dw, 0.84±0.40 µg/ g dw), patlıcanda (0.33±0.05 µg/ g dw, 0.71±0.15 µg/ g dw), pazıda (0.29±0.04 µg/ g dw, 0.89±0.32 µg/ g dw) olarak bulundu. Ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek Cr değeri; Biberde (3.88±1.77 µg/ g dw, 15.54±2.87 µg/ g dw), fasulyede (5.78±1.72 µg/ g dw, 12.12±4.11 µg/ g dw), maydanozda (3.73±1.01 µg/ g dw, 14.01±1.32 µg/ g dw), kara lahanada (6.30±2.82 µg/ g dw, 14.04±6,23 µg/ g dw), patlıcanda (7.82±3.07 µg/ g dw, 15.94±4.82 µg/ g dw), pazıda (4.37±1.77 µg/ g dw, 12.38±5.50 µg/ g dw) olarak bulundu. Ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek Cu değeri; Biberde (1.83±0.06 µg/ g dw, 4.55±0,23 µg/ g dw), fasulyede (1.74±0.35 µg/ g dw, 3.53±1.07 µg/ g dw), maydanozda (1.53±0.92 µg/ g dw, 3.81±1,07 µg/ g dw), kara lahanada (1.47±0.56 µg/ g dw, 3.18±0.85 µg/ g dw), patlıcanda ( 1.20±0.50 µg/ g dw, 3.90±1.09 µg/ g dw), pazıda (1.58±0.57 µg/ g dw, 5.19±0.47 µg/ g dw) olarak bulundu. Ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek Ni değeri; Biberde (2,97±0.23 µg/ g dw, 9.96±0.62 µg/ g dw), fasulyede (4.23±1.92 µg/ g dw, 14.78±1,11 µg/ g dw), maydanozda (4.21±1.37 µg/ g dw, 10.70±5,45 µg/ g dw), kara lahanada (3.13±0.30 µg/ g dw, 13.65±1.36 µg/ g dw), patlıcanda ( 4.06±0.21 µg/ g dw, 8.00±2.20 µg/ g dw), pazıda (4.00±1.29 µg/ g dw, 10.07±4.06 µg/ g dw) olarak bulundu. Ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek Pb değeri; Biberde (47.39±5.30 µg/ g dw, 80.23±12.76 µg/ g dw), fasulyede (39.14±9.43 µg/ g dw, 84.04±8.51 µg/ g dw), maydanozda (35.61±15.25 µg/ g dw, 79.89±30.13 µg/ g dw), kara lahanada (29.28±9.55 µg/ g dw, 72.48±29.48 µg/ g dw), patlıcanda (46.25±19.12 µg/ g dw, 79.91±30.90 µg/ g dw), pazıda (35.15±19.48 µg/ g dw, 87.00±7.54 µg/ g dw) olarak bulundu. Ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek Zn değeri; Biberde (3.34±0.30 µg/ g dw, 5.00±0.62 µg/ g dw), fasulyede (3.64±0.44 µg/ g dw, 5.83±0.81 µg/ g dw), maydanozda (3.75±1.10 µg/ g dw, 5.57±0.84 µg/ g dw), kara lahanada (3.48±1.45 µg/ g dw, 5.74±2.03 µg/ g dw), patlıcanda ( 3.21±0.84 µg/ g dw, 5.01±0.25 µg/ g dw), pazıda (3.41±0.92 µg/ g dw, 5.57±0.48 µg/ g dw) olarak bulundu. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda yıkanmamış örneklerin, yıkanmış örneklere göre daha kirli olduğu gözlenmiş olup, kirliliğin daha çok sanayi ve yol kenarında yetiştirilen sebzelerde olduğu tesbit edildi. Topraktaki en yüksek ve en düşük değeri ağır metal konsantrsayonu ise; Cd (0.70±0.21 µg/ g dw, 1.61±0.22 µg/ g dw), Cr (9.84±1.37 µg/ g dw, 22.30±5.43 µg/ g dw), Cu (1.5±0.67 µg/ g dw, 27.85±1.00 µg/ g dw), Ni (7.23±1.60 µg/ g dw, 18.60±4.39 µg/ g dw), Pb (47.12±0.9 µg/ g dw, 123.97±38.04 µg/ g dw), Zn (1.05±0.12 µg/ g dw, 37.04±1.05 µg/ g dw). Toprakta ki ağır metal miktarının Pb hariç, diğer ağır metallerin kontrol bölgelerinde daha az olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, elde ettiğimiz bulgular doğrultusunda sebzelere kontamine olan bu ağır metallerin miktarlarının düşürülmesi veya arıtılması amacıyla öneriler sunuldu.
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN SOME VEGETABLES GROWN IN ISTANBUL Heavy metals amounts, types of pollution sources, their distances, contamination ratios of the heavy metals by air and soil in the vegetables grown in Istanbul were determined by means of collecting of the soil samples and washed and unwashed vegetable samples belong to Petroselinum crispum (Miller) A.W. Hill, Solanum melongena L., Capsicum annuum L. Phaseolus vulgaris L., Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla (L.) Moq from totally seven localities, namely roadside with traffic density, wastewater, suburban, industrial area, iner city and two control areas in 2007 in this study. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn amounts in the collected samples were determined by perprocessing with ICP- OES. Obtained results, were evaluated in the SPSS static programme. The lowest and highest avarage Cd values are found as; (0.27±0.04 µg/ g dw, 1.04±0.10 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (0.27±0.05 µg/ g dw, 0.76±0.26 µg/ g dw) for bean, 0.24±0.08 µg/ g dw, 0.80±0.35 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (0.28±0.21 µg/ g dw, 0.84±0.40 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (0.33±0.05 µg/ g dw, 0.71±0.15 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (0.29±0.04 µg/ g dw, 0.89±0.32 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Cr values are found as; (3.88±1.77 µg/ g dw, 15.54±2.87 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (5.78±1.72 µg/ g dw, 12.12±4.11 µg/ g dw) for bean, (3.73±1.01 µg/ g dw, 14.01±1.32 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (6.30±2.82 µg/ g dw, 14.04±6.23 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (7.82±3.07 µg/ g dw, 15.94±4.82 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (4.37±1.77 µg/ g dw, 12.38±5.50 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Cu values are found as; (1.83±0.06 µg/ g dw, 4.55±0.23 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (1.74±0.35 µg/ g dw, 3.53±1.07 µg/ g dw) for bean, (1.53±0.92 µg/ g dw, 3.81±1.07 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (1.47±0.56 µg/ g dw, 3.18±0.85 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (1.20±0.50 µg/ g dw, 3.90±1.09 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (1.58±0.57 µg/ g dw, 5.19±0.47 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Ni values are found as; (2.97±0.23 µg/ g dw, 9.96±0.62 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (4.23±1.92 µg/ g dw, 14.78±1.11 µg/ g dw) for bean, (4.21±1.37 µg/ g dw, 10.70±5.45 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (3.13±0.30 µg/ g dw, 13.65±1.36 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (4.06±0.21 µg/ g dw, 8.00±2.20 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (4.00±1.29 µg/ g dw, 10.07±4.06 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Pb values are found as; (47.39±5.30 µg/ g dw, 80.23±12.76 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (39.14±9.43 µg/ g dw, 84.04±8.51 µg/ g dw) for bean, (35.61±15.25 µg/ g dw, 79.89±30.13 µg/ gdw) for parsley, (29.28±9.55 µg/ g dw, 72.48±29.48 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (46.25±19.12 µg/ g dw, 79.91±30.90 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (35.15±19.48 µg/ g dw, 87.00±7.54 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Pb values are found as; (3.34±0.30 µg/ g dw, 5.00±0.62 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (3.64±0.44 µg/ g dw, 5.83±0.81 µg/ g dw) for bean, (3.75±1.10 µg/ g dw, 5.57±0.84 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (3.48±1.45 µg/ g dw, 5.74±2.03 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (3.21±0.84 µg/ g dw, 5.01±0.25 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (3.41±0.92 µg/ g dw, 5.57±0.48 µg/ g dw) for chard. It was observed that; the unwashed samples are more contamined than the washed ones and it was lixed that contamination is higher in the vegetables grown in the industrial areas and in the roadside than the others. The lowest and highest value of soil heavy metals concentration is; Cd; (0.70±0.21 µg/ g dw, 1.61±0.22 µg/ g dw), Cr ; (9.84±1.37 µg/ g dw, 22.30±5.43 µg/ g dw), Cu; (1.5±0.67 µg/ g dw, 27.85±1.00 µg/ g dw), Ni; (7.23±1.60 µg/ g dw, 18.60±4.39 µg/ g dw), Pb; (47.12±0.9 µg/ g dw, 123.97±38.04 µg/ g dw), Zn; (1.05±0.12 µg/ g dw, 37.04±1.05 µg/ g dw). The amount of heavy metals inthe soil with the exception of Pb was determined to be less according to other heavy metals in control regions. As a result, suggestions were presented to increase and reduce the amounts of this heavy metals contamined vegetables.
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN SOME VEGETABLES GROWN IN ISTANBUL Heavy metals amounts, types of pollution sources, their distances, contamination ratios of the heavy metals by air and soil in the vegetables grown in Istanbul were determined by means of collecting of the soil samples and washed and unwashed vegetable samples belong to Petroselinum crispum (Miller) A.W. Hill, Solanum melongena L., Capsicum annuum L. Phaseolus vulgaris L., Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla (L.) Moq from totally seven localities, namely roadside with traffic density, wastewater, suburban, industrial area, iner city and two control areas in 2007 in this study. Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn amounts in the collected samples were determined by perprocessing with ICP- OES. Obtained results, were evaluated in the SPSS static programme. The lowest and highest avarage Cd values are found as; (0.27±0.04 µg/ g dw, 1.04±0.10 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (0.27±0.05 µg/ g dw, 0.76±0.26 µg/ g dw) for bean, 0.24±0.08 µg/ g dw, 0.80±0.35 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (0.28±0.21 µg/ g dw, 0.84±0.40 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (0.33±0.05 µg/ g dw, 0.71±0.15 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (0.29±0.04 µg/ g dw, 0.89±0.32 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Cr values are found as; (3.88±1.77 µg/ g dw, 15.54±2.87 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (5.78±1.72 µg/ g dw, 12.12±4.11 µg/ g dw) for bean, (3.73±1.01 µg/ g dw, 14.01±1.32 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (6.30±2.82 µg/ g dw, 14.04±6.23 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (7.82±3.07 µg/ g dw, 15.94±4.82 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (4.37±1.77 µg/ g dw, 12.38±5.50 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Cu values are found as; (1.83±0.06 µg/ g dw, 4.55±0.23 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (1.74±0.35 µg/ g dw, 3.53±1.07 µg/ g dw) for bean, (1.53±0.92 µg/ g dw, 3.81±1.07 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (1.47±0.56 µg/ g dw, 3.18±0.85 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (1.20±0.50 µg/ g dw, 3.90±1.09 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (1.58±0.57 µg/ g dw, 5.19±0.47 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Ni values are found as; (2.97±0.23 µg/ g dw, 9.96±0.62 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (4.23±1.92 µg/ g dw, 14.78±1.11 µg/ g dw) for bean, (4.21±1.37 µg/ g dw, 10.70±5.45 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (3.13±0.30 µg/ g dw, 13.65±1.36 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (4.06±0.21 µg/ g dw, 8.00±2.20 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (4.00±1.29 µg/ g dw, 10.07±4.06 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Pb values are found as; (47.39±5.30 µg/ g dw, 80.23±12.76 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (39.14±9.43 µg/ g dw, 84.04±8.51 µg/ g dw) for bean, (35.61±15.25 µg/ g dw, 79.89±30.13 µg/ gdw) for parsley, (29.28±9.55 µg/ g dw, 72.48±29.48 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (46.25±19.12 µg/ g dw, 79.91±30.90 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (35.15±19.48 µg/ g dw, 87.00±7.54 µg/ g dw) for chard. The lowest and highest avarage Pb values are found as; (3.34±0.30 µg/ g dw, 5.00±0.62 µg/ g dw) for pepper, (3.64±0.44 µg/ g dw, 5.83±0.81 µg/ g dw) for bean, (3.75±1.10 µg/ g dw, 5.57±0.84 µg/ g dw) for parsley, (3.48±1.45 µg/ g dw, 5.74±2.03 µg/ g dw) for cabbage, (3.21±0.84 µg/ g dw, 5.01±0.25 µg/ g dw) for eggplant, (3.41±0.92 µg/ g dw, 5.57±0.48 µg/ g dw) for chard. It was observed that; the unwashed samples are more contamined than the washed ones and it was lixed that contamination is higher in the vegetables grown in the industrial areas and in the roadside than the others. The lowest and highest value of soil heavy metals concentration is; Cd; (0.70±0.21 µg/ g dw, 1.61±0.22 µg/ g dw), Cr ; (9.84±1.37 µg/ g dw, 22.30±5.43 µg/ g dw), Cu; (1.5±0.67 µg/ g dw, 27.85±1.00 µg/ g dw), Ni; (7.23±1.60 µg/ g dw, 18.60±4.39 µg/ g dw), Pb; (47.12±0.9 µg/ g dw, 123.97±38.04 µg/ g dw), Zn; (1.05±0.12 µg/ g dw, 37.04±1.05 µg/ g dw). The amount of heavy metals inthe soil with the exception of Pb was determined to be less according to other heavy metals in control regions. As a result, suggestions were presented to increase and reduce the amounts of this heavy metals contamined vegetables.