Publication: Akka’nın idarî ve sosyo-ekonomik yapısı (1864-1918)
Abstract
Yapmış olduğumuz bu çalışma ile Osmanlı Devleti’nin Filistin bölgesindeki sahil şehirlerinden biri olan Akkâ’nın, 1864 senesinde uygulamaya koyulan “vilayet sistemi” ile birlikte sancak oluşunu ve devam eden süreçte ise bu sancağın teşkilatlanma kademelerini anlamaya çalıştık. İdari yapının yanı sıra, sosyal dokusunun barındırdığı özellikler ile sancak dahilinde birlikte yaşayan ahalinin ekonomik faaliyetlerdeki etkinliğini incelemek de araştırmamızın hedeflerinden biriydi. Akkâ Sancağı’nın 1864 senesinde Suriye Vilayeti’ne bağlı bir sancak haline getirilmesiyle birlikte burada bir mutasarrıflık teşkilatı kuruldu ve Akkâ merkez kazasından başka Hayfa, Nasıra, Safed ve Taberiye kazaları da Akkâ Sancağı’na bağlandı. 1888 senesinde ise Akkâ Sancağı’nın bulunduğu bölgede Suriye Vilayeti’nden ayrı olarak Beyrut Vilayeti’nin kurulmasıyla Akkâ Sancağı, teşkilatı ile birlikte olduğu gibi Beyrut Vilayeti’ne bağlanmıştır. Taşra teşkilatında yapılan reformların sürekli uygulandığı bir sancak olarak Akkâ, I. Dünya Savaşı esnasında Osmanlı idaresinden çıkmıştır. Aynı zamanda gelişmiş bir ticaret ağına sahip olan sancak, bölgenin önemli ihracat-ithalat kapıları olan Akkâ ve Hayfa limanlarına sahipti. Bölge ticaretinin önemi ve sancak topraklarının Yahudilerce kutsal sayılması sebebiyle, Hristiyan ve Yahudiler 19. Asrın sonlarından itibaren bu topraklara yerleşmeye çalışmışlardır.
With this study we tried to elaborate Akkâ’s -which was one of the sea towns of the Ottoman State’s Palestinian territorities- being sanjak with provincial system which was put in to effect in 1864 and during the ongoing process, we tried to figure out the phases of organization of this sanjak. In addition to the administrative structure, to examine the influneces in the economic field of the public living within the compass of sanjak with the feautures which was hosted by the social fabric has been one of the aims of the study. With the sanjak of Akkâ’s transformation into a sanjak affiliated to Syrian Province in 1864, an organization of lieutenant governor (mutasarrıflık) was established there and farther than Akkâ the central district, Hayfa, Nasıra, Safed and Taberiye distincts was also affiliated to the Sanjak of Akkâ. In the year of 1888, with founding of the Beirut Province differing from the the Syrian Province in the territory within which Sanjak of Akkâ existed, the Sanjak of Akkâ with its organization was affiliated to the Beirut Province as so. As a sanjak in which the reforms made in the provincial organization was continuously put into effect Akkâ ceased to be a part of the Ottoman administration in due course of the World War I. Besides, having a developed commerce network the sanjak had the Akkâ and Hayfa ports which were the important export-import points of the region. Christians and Jews had tried to settle down in this territories as of the end of 19th century on the grounds of the importance of the commerce of the region and its consecration by the Jews.
With this study we tried to elaborate Akkâ’s -which was one of the sea towns of the Ottoman State’s Palestinian territorities- being sanjak with provincial system which was put in to effect in 1864 and during the ongoing process, we tried to figure out the phases of organization of this sanjak. In addition to the administrative structure, to examine the influneces in the economic field of the public living within the compass of sanjak with the feautures which was hosted by the social fabric has been one of the aims of the study. With the sanjak of Akkâ’s transformation into a sanjak affiliated to Syrian Province in 1864, an organization of lieutenant governor (mutasarrıflık) was established there and farther than Akkâ the central district, Hayfa, Nasıra, Safed and Taberiye distincts was also affiliated to the Sanjak of Akkâ. In the year of 1888, with founding of the Beirut Province differing from the the Syrian Province in the territory within which Sanjak of Akkâ existed, the Sanjak of Akkâ with its organization was affiliated to the Beirut Province as so. As a sanjak in which the reforms made in the provincial organization was continuously put into effect Akkâ ceased to be a part of the Ottoman administration in due course of the World War I. Besides, having a developed commerce network the sanjak had the Akkâ and Hayfa ports which were the important export-import points of the region. Christians and Jews had tried to settle down in this territories as of the end of 19th century on the grounds of the importance of the commerce of the region and its consecration by the Jews.