Publication: Buz temininde sanayileşme ve osmanlı imparatorluğu’nda kurulan buz fabrikaları
Abstract
19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda sanayileşme ve fabrikalaşma sürecinin hız kazandığı bir dönem olmuştur. Bunun bir sonucu olarak da 15. yüzyıldan beri klasik yöntemlerle elde edilmekte olan kar ve buzun temin yöntemi değişmiş ve yüksek ölçeklerde üretim yapan makinelerle ikame olmuştur. Öncelikle buz imalini teşvik için imtiyaz usulü ile taliplerine ihale edilen buz fabrikaları kurma hakkı verilmiştir. Zamanla buz kullanımının artması ve suni buz üretiminin yaygın bir sanayi koluna dönüşmesi ile 1892 yılından itibaren imtiyaz usulü terk edilerek talep edenlere adi ruhsatlar verilerek buz fabrikaları kurulmasına müsaade edilmiştir. Bu şekilde özellikle nüfusun yoğun olduğu, kara ve deniz ile ulaşım imkanları bulunan bölgeler başta olmak üzere Balkanlar’dan Ortadoğu’ya kadar Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun bir çok yerinde buz fabrikaları tesis edilmiştir.
The second half of the 19th century was a period of industrialization and factorization in the Ottoman Empire. As a consequence, the method of providing snow and ice, which are obtained by conventional methods since the 15th century has been changed and replaced with machines producing high scales of ice and snow. Primarily, to promote the manufacture of ice, concessions are given as a privilege to establish ice factories. In time, the increased use of ice and evolution of artificial ice production to a widespread industrial branch, procedure of giving concessions has been abandoned in 1892. After that, licenses are given to those who demand to establish ice factories. In this way, particularly in the regions which are densely populated or have land and sea transportation facilities, ice factories have been established in many parts of the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans to the Middle East.
The second half of the 19th century was a period of industrialization and factorization in the Ottoman Empire. As a consequence, the method of providing snow and ice, which are obtained by conventional methods since the 15th century has been changed and replaced with machines producing high scales of ice and snow. Primarily, to promote the manufacture of ice, concessions are given as a privilege to establish ice factories. In time, the increased use of ice and evolution of artificial ice production to a widespread industrial branch, procedure of giving concessions has been abandoned in 1892. After that, licenses are given to those who demand to establish ice factories. In this way, particularly in the regions which are densely populated or have land and sea transportation facilities, ice factories have been established in many parts of the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans to the Middle East.