Publication: Televizyon ve siyasal propaganda
Abstract
Yazılı tarih, insanları ikna ve manipüle etmenin; düşünceleri, tutumları ve davranışları politik erekler yönünde etkileme çabasının tarihidir. Siyasal propaganda politika ile birlikte doğar. Ancak, doğduğu gibi kalmaz, değişir. Toplumsal yapıya bağlı olarak evrilerek ve sıçrayarak dönüşür ve gelişir. Bir iletişim formu olarak siyasi propaganda, genel iletişim sisteminin bir parçasıdır. İletişim ise toplumsal bir olgudur. 19. ve 20. yüzyıllar iletişim alanında büyük dönüşümlerin ve gelişmelerin yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Son ikiyüz yılda iletişim teknolojisinde gerçekleşen atılımlar, bundan önceki binlerce yılla kıyaslanamayacak ölçüde büyüktür. Enformasyon iletim kapasitesi büyümüş, iletişimde zaman aynı andalığa indirilmiş ve yer farkıyla gelen zaman kısıtlaması ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Dahası, ulaşılabilme potansiyeli taşıyan kitlenin genişliği açısından da gelişme muazzamdır. Televizyon, kitle iletişim araçları arasında en yaygın ve en etkin olanıdır. Doğumundan itibaren hızla yükselen ve zamanla tartışmaların konusu olan televizyon;. toplumu ve siyasal kültürü gittikçe daha çok şekillendirmekte ve toplumsal yaşamda önemli roller üstlenmektedir. Televizyonun özellikle 80'lerde ve 90'larda ulaştığı yaygınlık düzeyi, kitleler için çekiciliği ve insanları etkileme gücünü ve siyasi propagandanın ikna etme, insanların düşüncelerini, tutumlarını ve davranışlarını etkileme/ yönlendirme ereğini düşündüğümüz zaman, bu iki olgu arasındaki ilişkileri incelemenin bir gereklilik olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkar. Bugün televizyon, sahiplerinin elinde, büyük oranda bir propaganda/ psikolojik savaş aygıtı işlevi görmektedir. Gerek yapısal özellikleri, gerekse üretim ilişkileri içinde pozisyonlanışıyla televizyon, propagandanın baş aracı konumuna gelmiş gözükmektedir. Kitle iletişim araçları ve özellikle televizyon, bu ortamda bir iktidar aygıtı haline gelirken, bu araçları üreten ve geliştiren yapının içsel mantığını ve değerlerini kitlelere iletmektedir.
Written history is the history of persuation and manipulation; effort of effection to thoughts, manners and behaviours in the way of political targets. Political propaganda was born with politics. But, it changes, it does not stay as it was born. It changes and develops evolutionary and revolutionary, depending on to the social structure. Political propaganda, as a form of communication, is a part of common communication system. And communication is a social fact. 19. and 20. centuries are a period when the great changes and developments have been lived on the communication . The developments which come real in last two hundred years are great as they are incomparable with early thousands of years. The capacity of information was grow, time at communication decrease to in that moment and the time limitation which comes with difference of place was canceled. In addition, the development is huge about, the mass who was been reached. Television is the most diffused and effective mass communication mean. Television, which, has been popular and has became the subject of the discussions since it was born, forms the society and political culture and has important parts on the social life. When we think about the diffusion level of the television which it has been reached eightyies and nineties, its attraction for people and the power of effection; and when we think about political propaganda's persuation and effection of thoughts, manners and behaviours aim, the result of examination of the affairs between these two facts is necessary. Today, television has a function as a propaganda mean. It seems as it comes the prior propaganda mean with its structural characteristics and its place in the production affairs. When mass communication means, especially television, becoming a power mean, they transmit the internal logic and values of the structure which produce and develop these means.
Written history is the history of persuation and manipulation; effort of effection to thoughts, manners and behaviours in the way of political targets. Political propaganda was born with politics. But, it changes, it does not stay as it was born. It changes and develops evolutionary and revolutionary, depending on to the social structure. Political propaganda, as a form of communication, is a part of common communication system. And communication is a social fact. 19. and 20. centuries are a period when the great changes and developments have been lived on the communication . The developments which come real in last two hundred years are great as they are incomparable with early thousands of years. The capacity of information was grow, time at communication decrease to in that moment and the time limitation which comes with difference of place was canceled. In addition, the development is huge about, the mass who was been reached. Television is the most diffused and effective mass communication mean. Television, which, has been popular and has became the subject of the discussions since it was born, forms the society and political culture and has important parts on the social life. When we think about the diffusion level of the television which it has been reached eightyies and nineties, its attraction for people and the power of effection; and when we think about political propaganda's persuation and effection of thoughts, manners and behaviours aim, the result of examination of the affairs between these two facts is necessary. Today, television has a function as a propaganda mean. It seems as it comes the prior propaganda mean with its structural characteristics and its place in the production affairs. When mass communication means, especially television, becoming a power mean, they transmit the internal logic and values of the structure which produce and develop these means.