Publication: Kardeşliğin asimetrik hali: ablalık/ abilik üzerine bir fenomenoloji çalışması
Abstract
Türkiye’de sıklıkla bazı ailelerde ikinci çocuğun doğumuyla beraber abi ve abla olan çocukların aile içerisinde konumları değiştiği gözlemlenir. Dolayısıyla yeni abi ve abla olan çocukların bu role ilişkin her aile tipinde kendince birtakım sorumluluklar bağlamında kardeşine kıyasla daha farklı bir konumda yer alabileceği gözlemlenebilen tipik bir olgudur. Türkiye’deki pek çok ailede ikinci çocuğun doğumu ile birlikte kardeş ilişkilerinin “abi-abla” ve küçük kardeş/ ler” olarak önce yaşa sonra da kültürün beklentilerine göre deneyimlenmesi sıklıkla karşılaşılan tipik bir olgudur. Bu fenomenoloji araştırmasında birçok ailede gözlemlenen bu olgunun derinlemesine araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu araştırmada bu olguyu deneyimleyen abi/ abla konumundaki bireylerin (1) bu deneyimlerini nasıl yaşadıkları (2) yaşadıkları bu deneyimlere hangi anlamlar yükledikleri ve (3) bu deneyimlerin ortak özünü oluşturan ortak anlamlarının neler olduğu ve nasıl yaratıldığı keşfedilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz (YFA) deseninden faydalanılmıştır. Homojen örnekleme yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmada veriler, ablalık ve abilik olgusunu deneyleyen 26-30 yaş aralığındaki 13 katılımcından (10 Kadın / 3 Erkek) yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Veriler, YFA ile analiz edilmiş olup verilerin analizinde MAXQDA-24 programından yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre bu çalışmada “abilik/ ablalık” olgusunu deneyleyen 13 katılımcının anlatılarında ortak olan deneyimi 4 üst tema ve bu temaların altında yer alan alt temalar etrafında şekillenmiştir: (1) “Gölge ebeveyn olmak,” (2) “kardeşlik asimetrisinin izdüşümünde yaralı kardeşlik ilişkisi,” (3) “otantikliğin fedası/ kaybı” ve (4) “köksüz çalı pozisyonuna konumlanma”. Araştırma bulgularından elde edilen bu dört üst tema literatür ışığında derinlemesine açıklanmıştır.
In Turkey, it is often observed that in some families, with the birth of the second child, the position of older brothers and sisters in the family changes. Therefore, it is a typical phenomenon that children who become big brothers (=abi) and sisters (=abla) may be in a different position compared to their siblings in terms of certain responsibilities related to this role in each family type. In many families in Turkey, with the birth of the second child, it is a typical phenomenon that sibling relationships are experienced as “older brother/ sister” and “younger brother/ sister” first according to age and then according to the expectations of the culture. In this phenomenological research, it is aimed to investigate this phenomenon, which is observed in many families, in depth. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to discover (1) how the individuals in the position of elder brother/ sister experience this phenomenon (2) what meanings they attribute to these experiences and (3) what are the common meanings that form the common essence of these experiences and how they are created. For this purpose, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) design, one of the qualitative research methods, was utilized in this study. In the study in which homogeneous sampling method was used, data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 13 participants (10 women / 3 men) between the ages of 26-30 who experienced the phenomenon of big sisterhood and big brotherhood. The data were analyzed with the and the MAXQDA-24 program was used to analyze the data. According to the results of the analysis, the common experience in the narratives of the 13 participants who experimented with the phenomenon of “big brother/ sisterhood” in this study was shaped around 4 superordinate themes:: (1) “being a shadow parent,” (2) “wounded sibling relationship in the projection of sibling asymmetry,” (3) “sacrifice/ loss of authenticity,” and (4) “being positioned as a rootless bush.” These four superordinate themes obtained from the research findings are explained in depth in the light of the literature.
In Turkey, it is often observed that in some families, with the birth of the second child, the position of older brothers and sisters in the family changes. Therefore, it is a typical phenomenon that children who become big brothers (=abi) and sisters (=abla) may be in a different position compared to their siblings in terms of certain responsibilities related to this role in each family type. In many families in Turkey, with the birth of the second child, it is a typical phenomenon that sibling relationships are experienced as “older brother/ sister” and “younger brother/ sister” first according to age and then according to the expectations of the culture. In this phenomenological research, it is aimed to investigate this phenomenon, which is observed in many families, in depth. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to discover (1) how the individuals in the position of elder brother/ sister experience this phenomenon (2) what meanings they attribute to these experiences and (3) what are the common meanings that form the common essence of these experiences and how they are created. For this purpose, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) design, one of the qualitative research methods, was utilized in this study. In the study in which homogeneous sampling method was used, data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 13 participants (10 women / 3 men) between the ages of 26-30 who experienced the phenomenon of big sisterhood and big brotherhood. The data were analyzed with the and the MAXQDA-24 program was used to analyze the data. According to the results of the analysis, the common experience in the narratives of the 13 participants who experimented with the phenomenon of “big brother/ sisterhood” in this study was shaped around 4 superordinate themes:: (1) “being a shadow parent,” (2) “wounded sibling relationship in the projection of sibling asymmetry,” (3) “sacrifice/ loss of authenticity,” and (4) “being positioned as a rootless bush.” These four superordinate themes obtained from the research findings are explained in depth in the light of the literature.