Publication: Filament eritme yöntemiyle üretilen PA12 ile ticari PA12’nin morfolojik, termal ve mekanik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Polimer malzemeler, dünya ekonomisinin çeşitli alanlarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır ve özellikleri hızla gelişmektedir. Eklemeli imalat (Eİ) gibi yeni teknolojilerin ortaya çıkışı, polimer malzemeler ve kompozitleri için daha yüksek performans ve işlevsellik gibi ihtiyaçlar doğurmuştur. Polimer toz malzemeler, Eİ teknolojilerinde en çok kullanılan sarf malzemelerindendir ve ağırlıklı olarak seçici lazer sinterleme (SLS) teknolojisinde kullanılır. SLS; birbirini izleyen toz hammadde katmanlarını, 3 boyutlu bilgisayar destekli tasarım modeline göre seçici olarak sinterleyerek üç boyutlu (3B) katı bileşenleri üreten bir toz yatağında füzyon işlemidir. SLS 3B yazıcıları en çok kullanan sektörler ise; otomotiv, savunma, havacılık, endüstriyel tasarım, makine, kalıp, plastik, medikal ve dental sektörlerdir. Bu sektörlerde SLS teknolojisinin başlıca kullanım sebepleri; yeni ürünler için prototip hazırlanması, yedek parça üretimi, parça ağırlığını ve yakıt tüketimini azaltacak tasarım çalışmaları, alet ve ekipman üretimi, malzeme dayanıklılığının artırılması gibi alanlar sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada; Poliamid 12 (PA12), fiber eritme yöntemi kullanılarak toz halinde getirilmiştir. Deney çalışmalarında ilk olarak granül haldeki PA12, eriyik eğirme cihazında farklı çaplarda fiber iplik haline getirilmiştir. Elde edilen fiber iplikler kırpılarak, ısıtıcılı balon karıştırıcı içinde Polietilenoksit (PEO) ile termal işleme tabi tutularak toz şeklinde elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra kurutma ve eleme işlemlerinde geçirilen bu toza infrared boyar madde eklenerek açık parametrelere sahip bir masaüstü SLS (Seçici lazer sinterleme) 3 boyutlu yazıcıda baskı alınmıştır. Ticari olarak temin edilen çalışmada üretilen toz numuneleriyle diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetri (DSC), taramalı elektron mikroskopisi (SEM) ve elek analizi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Baskı numunelerine ise; çekme, sertlik, darbe, yoğunluk, ergime akış indeksi (MFI), vicat yumuşama sıcaklığı testleri yapılmıştır. Testlerin sonuçları incelenerek üretilen ve ticari PA12’nin morfolojik, mekanik ve termal özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır
Polymer materials are widely used in various fields of the world economy, and their properties are developing rapidly. The emergence of new technologies such as additive manufacturing (AM) has created needs such as higher performance and functionality for polymer materials and their composites. Polymer powder materials are one of the most used consumables in AM technologies and are mainly used in selective laser sintering (SLS) technology. SLS; It is a fusion process in a powder bed that produces three-dimensional (3D) solid components by selectively sintering successive layers of powder raw materials according to a 3D computer-aided design model. The sectors that use SLS 3D printers the most are; automotive, defense, aerospace, industrial design, machinery, mold, plastic, medical and dental sectors. The main reasons for using SLS technology in these sectors are; areas such as prototype preparation for new products, spare parts production, design studies to reduce part weight and fuel consumption, tool and equipment production, and increasing material durability. In this study; Polyamide 12 (PA12) was turned into powder form using the fiber melting method. In the experimental studies, first of all, PA12 in granular form was turned into fiber yarn of different diameters in the melt spinning device. The fiber yarns were obtained in powder form by trimming and thermal treatment with Polyethyleneoxide (PEO) in a heated balloon mixer. Afterwards, infrared dyestuff was added to this powder, which was passed through drying and sieving processes, and it was printed on a desktop SLS (Selective laser sintering) 3D printer with open parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieve analysis studies were performed with powder samples produced in the commercially available study. For printed samples; tensile, hardness, impact, density, melt flow index (MFI) vicat softening tests were carried out. The morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of the produced and commercial PA12 were compared by examining the results of the tests.
Polymer materials are widely used in various fields of the world economy, and their properties are developing rapidly. The emergence of new technologies such as additive manufacturing (AM) has created needs such as higher performance and functionality for polymer materials and their composites. Polymer powder materials are one of the most used consumables in AM technologies and are mainly used in selective laser sintering (SLS) technology. SLS; It is a fusion process in a powder bed that produces three-dimensional (3D) solid components by selectively sintering successive layers of powder raw materials according to a 3D computer-aided design model. The sectors that use SLS 3D printers the most are; automotive, defense, aerospace, industrial design, machinery, mold, plastic, medical and dental sectors. The main reasons for using SLS technology in these sectors are; areas such as prototype preparation for new products, spare parts production, design studies to reduce part weight and fuel consumption, tool and equipment production, and increasing material durability. In this study; Polyamide 12 (PA12) was turned into powder form using the fiber melting method. In the experimental studies, first of all, PA12 in granular form was turned into fiber yarn of different diameters in the melt spinning device. The fiber yarns were obtained in powder form by trimming and thermal treatment with Polyethyleneoxide (PEO) in a heated balloon mixer. Afterwards, infrared dyestuff was added to this powder, which was passed through drying and sieving processes, and it was printed on a desktop SLS (Selective laser sintering) 3D printer with open parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieve analysis studies were performed with powder samples produced in the commercially available study. For printed samples; tensile, hardness, impact, density, melt flow index (MFI) vicat softening tests were carried out. The morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of the produced and commercial PA12 were compared by examining the results of the tests.