Publication: Fahreddin er-Râzî'de teorik bilginin kesinliği problemi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin teorik bilgide kesinliğe ulaşmanın imkânı ve yöntemi hakkındaki görüşleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak birinci bölümde Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin eserlerinde uyguladığı eleştirel yöntem ve bilgi teorisi hakkında genel bir çerçeve çizilmiştir. Ardından kelâm ilminin temel yöntemi olan nazar ve istidlâle şüpheci grupların yönelttiği eleştiriler ve Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin bu eleştirilere verdiği cevaplar serimlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde özellikle tanım teorisi ve burhânın ilkeleri bağlamında Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin felsefe geleneğinde bilimsel bilginin ölçütü sayılan burhân yöntemine yönelik yaklaşımları analiz edilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin ömrünün sonlarına doğru kaleme aldığı iki eserinden hareketle teorik bilginin kesinliğine ilişkin yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamızın temel amacı Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin son dönem eserlerinde nazarî yöntem aracılığıyla kesinliği elde etmenin zorluğuna yönelik ifadelerinin, entelektüel serüvenindeki izlerini sürmek ve onun teorik bilginin imkânı ve sınırları hakkındaki görüşlerini belirgin hâle getirmeye çalışmaktır.
In this study, the opinions of Fahreddin al-Râzîabout the possibility and method of achieving certainty in theoretical knowledge are tried to be examined. Accordingly, in the first chapter, a general framework is drawn about the method of critique and theory of information applied by Fahreddin al-Râzî in his works. Then, the criticisms directed by sceptical groups to theoretical and argumentative reasoning, which are the basic method of scholarship of kalam, and the answers given by Fahreddin al-Râzî to these criticisms are exposed. In the second part, Fahreddin al-Râzî’s approaches to the demonstration method, considered the criterion of scholarly knowledge in the philosophical tradition especially in the context of theory of definition and principles of demonstration, are analyzed. In the third chapter, his approaches to the certainty of theoretical knowledge based on two works written by Fahreddin al-Râzîin the twilight of his life are discussed. The main purpose of our study is to trace Fahreddin al-Râzî's statements in his intellectual adventure about the difficulty of obtaining certainty through the theoretical method in his recent works and to try to make his views on the possibility and limits of theoretical knowledge more obvious.
In this study, the opinions of Fahreddin al-Râzîabout the possibility and method of achieving certainty in theoretical knowledge are tried to be examined. Accordingly, in the first chapter, a general framework is drawn about the method of critique and theory of information applied by Fahreddin al-Râzî in his works. Then, the criticisms directed by sceptical groups to theoretical and argumentative reasoning, which are the basic method of scholarship of kalam, and the answers given by Fahreddin al-Râzî to these criticisms are exposed. In the second part, Fahreddin al-Râzî’s approaches to the demonstration method, considered the criterion of scholarly knowledge in the philosophical tradition especially in the context of theory of definition and principles of demonstration, are analyzed. In the third chapter, his approaches to the certainty of theoretical knowledge based on two works written by Fahreddin al-Râzîin the twilight of his life are discussed. The main purpose of our study is to trace Fahreddin al-Râzî's statements in his intellectual adventure about the difficulty of obtaining certainty through the theoretical method in his recent works and to try to make his views on the possibility and limits of theoretical knowledge more obvious.