Publication: Makrîzî’nin İmtâu’l-esmâ isimli eseri
Abstract
Makrîzî (ö.845/ 1442) Müslüman olmayan toplumların dinlerine dair derin bilgisiyle ortaçağın en önemli tarihçilerinden biridir. İslam ilimlerinden biri olan siyer de Makrîzî’nin en gözde alanlarındandır. Bu tez çalışmasında, Makrîzî’nin siyer ilmi içinde güzide bir yere sahip olan İmtâü’l-esmâ bimâ li’n-nebiyyi mine’l-ahvâli ve’l-emvâli ve’l-hafedeti ve’l-metâ’ isimli eserinin muhtevası, metodu ve kaynakları incelenecek ve bundan sonra eserin ismi kısaca İmtâ’ olarak zikredilecektir. Bu eser, Makrîzî’nin en hacimli eserlerindendir. Hatta el- Haber ani’l-beşer isimli bir başka büyük eserini, İmtâ’a hazırlık ve ona bir giriş olarak yazdığı ifade edilir. Çalışmamızda, girişin akabinde İmtâ’dan önceki siyer çalışmalarına kısaca değindikten sonra ilk bölümü, Makrîzî’nin hayatı, görüşleri ve eserleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede nesebi, ailesi, hocaları, mezhebi, Memlük Devletinde almış olduğu resmî vazifeler, talebeleri ve eserleri gibi onun hayatı etrafında bilgiler verilmiştir. Tezin ikinci bölümü ise İmtâ’ın muhtevası, metodu ve kaynakları hakkındadır. Makrîzî’nin metodu incelenirken eseri yazma üslûbu, bazı ciltlerde yer alan fasılları nasıl tertip ettiği ve yaptığı metin tahlilleri başlıklar halinde değerlendirilmiş ve faydalandığı ilim dallarına da örneklerle yer verilmiştir. Makrîzî’nin kaynakları önce “günümüze ulaşanlar” ve “günümüze ulaşmayanlar” diye ikiye ayrılmış, birinci kısım “matbû kaynaklar” ve “yazma kaynaklar” şeklinde iki alt başlıkta incelenmiştir. Matbû eserlere kısaca değinilmiş, yazma eserlerden yaptığı alıntıların tamamına işaret edilerek müellifin, bu eserlerden neler aldığı gösterilmiş, dolayısıyla henüz basılmadıklarından muhtevaları tam olarak bilinmeyen bu eserler konusunda araştırmacılara yardımcı olmak amaçlanmıştır. Makrîzî’nin İmtâ’ı çok geniş bir yelpazeye sahiptir. Siyere konu ettiği, dinler tarihi ve Kitab-ı Mukaddes’le alakalı bilgiler de orjinal ve kıymetlidir. Müellif, İmtâ’da belli bir metodu takip etmemiştir. Konuları dağınık ele almış, pek çok kez tekrar etmiştir. İmtâ’ bir siyer kitabı olarak yazılmış olsa da Makrîzî’nin –eskilerin ifadesiyleyed- i tûlâ sahibi oluşu eserde tefsir, fıkıh, fıkıh usûlü, kelam ve felsefe gibi pek çok ilim dalının konularının da yer almasına imkan tanımıştır.
al-Maqrizi (death.845/ 1442) is one of the important historians in the middleage not only as a muslim but also the person who has enformed about nonmuslim people’s religions in his age. Seerah ( The life of Messenger Mohammad) which one of the İslamic sciences as at-tafseer and al-hadees etc. is one of the Maqriz’s favorite branchs like history. İn this work, the contents, method and sourses of Maqrizi’s book İmtâü’l-esmâ bimâ li’n-nebiyyi mine’l-ahvâli ve’l-emvâli ve’l-hafedeti ve’l-metâ’ which has a distingished place in seerah will be analyzed, lather than work’s name will be mentioned shortly as İmtâ. This book, ı mean İmtâ, is one of the largest works among his books. Even, it is said that Maqrizi had written another great book named el-Haber ani’l-beşer as a introduction to İmtâ . When we take the intellectual, scientific and theological developments of his time into consideration we have seen that Maqrizi uses a clear style to make his comments. He keeps the Ahl-a Sunnah way of thinking. Maqrizi’s book with this content will enlarge scholars’ perspective being an important source for them to understand main concepts of seerah. İn our work, from behind the preface, we will touch on shortly the books of seerah which were written before İmtâ . First part has been from Maqrizi’s life, views and works. İn this connection, the knowledges have been transfered about his lineage, his family, his teachers, his religious opinion, official tasks he has undertaken in Memluk State, his students and finally his works. The second part has included İmta’s contents, method and sourses. Under these items while the method is analyzed, his writting style and how he arranged the chapters in some volume is also been called attention. Maqrizi’s sourses firstly have been classified in two part as “attained to today” and “don’t attained to today”. Lather than the sourses that attained to today have been investigated in two subitems as “printed sourse” and “manuscript sourses” Maqrizi’s this work has served to write sytematic books in tradition of seerah. At the same time this supplied him to be remembered his name well all centuries
al-Maqrizi (death.845/ 1442) is one of the important historians in the middleage not only as a muslim but also the person who has enformed about nonmuslim people’s religions in his age. Seerah ( The life of Messenger Mohammad) which one of the İslamic sciences as at-tafseer and al-hadees etc. is one of the Maqriz’s favorite branchs like history. İn this work, the contents, method and sourses of Maqrizi’s book İmtâü’l-esmâ bimâ li’n-nebiyyi mine’l-ahvâli ve’l-emvâli ve’l-hafedeti ve’l-metâ’ which has a distingished place in seerah will be analyzed, lather than work’s name will be mentioned shortly as İmtâ. This book, ı mean İmtâ, is one of the largest works among his books. Even, it is said that Maqrizi had written another great book named el-Haber ani’l-beşer as a introduction to İmtâ . When we take the intellectual, scientific and theological developments of his time into consideration we have seen that Maqrizi uses a clear style to make his comments. He keeps the Ahl-a Sunnah way of thinking. Maqrizi’s book with this content will enlarge scholars’ perspective being an important source for them to understand main concepts of seerah. İn our work, from behind the preface, we will touch on shortly the books of seerah which were written before İmtâ . First part has been from Maqrizi’s life, views and works. İn this connection, the knowledges have been transfered about his lineage, his family, his teachers, his religious opinion, official tasks he has undertaken in Memluk State, his students and finally his works. The second part has included İmta’s contents, method and sourses. Under these items while the method is analyzed, his writting style and how he arranged the chapters in some volume is also been called attention. Maqrizi’s sourses firstly have been classified in two part as “attained to today” and “don’t attained to today”. Lather than the sourses that attained to today have been investigated in two subitems as “printed sourse” and “manuscript sourses” Maqrizi’s this work has served to write sytematic books in tradition of seerah. At the same time this supplied him to be remembered his name well all centuries