Publication: Elit kadın sporcularda menstruel evrelerin esenlik düzeyi ve performansa olan etkisi
Abstract
Elit Kadın Sporcularda Menstruel Evrelerin Esenlik Düzeyi ve Performansa Olan Etkisi Bu araştırma, sporcuların, premenstrual ve menstruel dönemlerinde, performans kapasitesi (aerobik ve anaerobik) ile beslenme, yaşam kalitesi ve esenlik durumlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 22 (16 futbol, 6 masa tenisi) kadın sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcuların demografik bilgileri, esenlik ve yaşam kalite belirlemesi araştırmadan önce ölçekler ile alınmıştır. Menstruel dönemin belirlenmesi için kan testi ile progesteron seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Premenstrual ve menstruel dönemde görülen şikayetleri belirlemek amacıyla premenstrual sendrom ve menstruel distres ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Vücut kompozisyonunun belirlenmesinde yuhasz formulü kullanılmıştır. Beslenme durumu adet öncesi ve adet döneminde üç günlük kayıt ile alınmış ve BEBİS analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların, aerobik kapasitelerinin belirlenmesinde shuttle run testi, anaerobik kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi için de RAST testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel hesaplamalar için SPSS 14 paket kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler için ortalamalar, eşleşmeli t testleri, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Adet öncesi ve adet döneminde BKİ hariç (p< .05), vücut kompozisyonu ölçümlerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Adet öncesi ve adet döneminde beslenme durumları karşılaştırıldığında ( kalori, protein, karbonhidrat, vitamin, mineral) dönemler arası fark belirlenmemiştir. Her iki dönemde de alınması gereken ( kalori, karbonhidrat, protein) besin öğeleri ile aldıkları arasında anlamlı fark belirlenmiştir ( p< .01). Yağdan alınan kalori değeri adet öncesinde farklılık gösterirken ( p< .01), adet döneminde fark belirlenmemiştir. Adet öncesi ve adet döneminde aerobik ve anaerobik performans testlerinde anlamlı fark belirlenememiş ancak dönemsel olarak anlamlı düzeyde korelasyonlar bulunmuştur ( p< .01). Premenstrual dönemde ağrı puanı azaldıkça toplam esenlik puanı artmaktadır ( p< .01). Sporcularda yaşanan menstruel şikayetlerin fizyolojik durumlardan çok psikolojik durumlardan kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Beslenme, Esenlik, Menstruasyon, Performans, Yaşam Kalitesi,
The Effects of Menstrual Phases on the Levels of Wellness and Performance in Elite Female Athletes This research was carried out to determine the effects of menstrual phases in various stages on female athletes performance capasity (aerobik-anaerobik) and nutrition, life quality and wellness, taking into account their premenstrual and menstrual phases. 22 female athletes in soccer and table tennis voluntarily participated in this study. The demographic data of the athletes, the identification of their well-being and quality of life were taken by the way of scales, before the research. In order to determine the menstrual phase, the progesteron level was determined by blood tests. The scales, applied to determine the complaints during the premenstrual and menstrual phases, were used periodically. Yuhasz formula was used to determine the body composition. During the premenstrual and menstrual periods, the nutrition level was determined by BEBİS software. The shuttle run test was used in determining the aerobic capasity of the participants and the RAST test was used in determining the anaerobic capasity of the participants. For the statistical calculations, the SPSS 14 packet program was used. The averages, t statitstics tests, correlation and regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Except BMI during menstrual and premenstrual phase (p< .05), a significant difference between the measurements of body compositions couldn’t be found. When the nutrition in menstrual and in premenstrual phases are compared a difference is not identified. It is identified a significant difference between nutrients which should be taken and nutrients which have been taken (p< .01). The caloric value of fat in premenstrual phase shows a difference (p< .01). but it is not identified a difference in menstrual phase. A significant difference between the aerobic and anaerobic performance tests during menstrual and premenstrual phases was not identified but significant correlations were found periodically (p< .01). As the pain value is decreasing during the premenstrual phase, the total wellness value is increasing (p< .01). It is identified that athletes’ menstrual complaints are caused by psychologist situations rather than physiological situations. Menstruation, Nutrition, Performance, Quality of Life, Wellness
The Effects of Menstrual Phases on the Levels of Wellness and Performance in Elite Female Athletes This research was carried out to determine the effects of menstrual phases in various stages on female athletes performance capasity (aerobik-anaerobik) and nutrition, life quality and wellness, taking into account their premenstrual and menstrual phases. 22 female athletes in soccer and table tennis voluntarily participated in this study. The demographic data of the athletes, the identification of their well-being and quality of life were taken by the way of scales, before the research. In order to determine the menstrual phase, the progesteron level was determined by blood tests. The scales, applied to determine the complaints during the premenstrual and menstrual phases, were used periodically. Yuhasz formula was used to determine the body composition. During the premenstrual and menstrual periods, the nutrition level was determined by BEBİS software. The shuttle run test was used in determining the aerobic capasity of the participants and the RAST test was used in determining the anaerobic capasity of the participants. For the statistical calculations, the SPSS 14 packet program was used. The averages, t statitstics tests, correlation and regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Except BMI during menstrual and premenstrual phase (p< .05), a significant difference between the measurements of body compositions couldn’t be found. When the nutrition in menstrual and in premenstrual phases are compared a difference is not identified. It is identified a significant difference between nutrients which should be taken and nutrients which have been taken (p< .01). The caloric value of fat in premenstrual phase shows a difference (p< .01). but it is not identified a difference in menstrual phase. A significant difference between the aerobic and anaerobic performance tests during menstrual and premenstrual phases was not identified but significant correlations were found periodically (p< .01). As the pain value is decreasing during the premenstrual phase, the total wellness value is increasing (p< .01). It is identified that athletes’ menstrual complaints are caused by psychologist situations rather than physiological situations. Menstruation, Nutrition, Performance, Quality of Life, Wellness