Publication: Erken dönem Mâtürîdiyye kelâmında hüsün-kubuh meselesi : Ebü'l-yüsr el-Pezdevî örneği
Abstract
Hüsün-kubuh meselesi Allah’ın insan ve âlemle olan ilişkisini ortaya koyankelâmın en temel meselelerinden birisidir. Erken dönem Matürîdî kelâm âlimlerindenbirisi olan Ebü’l Yüsr el-Pezdevî örnekliğinde yaptığımız bu çalışma, onun hüsün-kubuhanlayışını ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Zira hüsün-kubuh meselesi, iyi ve kötününâlemde bizâtihi bulunup bulunmamadığını ve âhirette sevâbı veyahut dünyada yergiyiâhirette ise cezayı hak etme durumunu ele alan bir meseledir. Mu’tezile hüsün ve kubhunzatî olarak mevcudiyetini kabul ettiği için Allah’ın bir takım şeyleri yaratmaya zorunluolduğunu iddia etmiştir. Onlara göre âlemde kötü zâti olarak bulunduğu ve Allah daadaleti gereği kötüyü yaratmaması gerektiği için fiillerini hasen olarak yaratması O’navaciptir. Eş‘arîlere göre ise iyi ve kötü zâti olarak dış dünyada bulunmamakta ve Allah’ada hiçbir şey vâcip olmamaktadır. O’nun fiilleri her zaman hasendir. Allah kötü ve şerolan şeyleri yaratmakla kötülük yapmış olmaz. Pezdevî ise tıpkı Mâtürîdî kelâmgeleneğinde olduğu gibi iyi ve kötünün Mu’tezile’nin ifade ettiği gibi zati olarak değilolay ve durumlara göre değişen itibari yönüyle âlemde mevcut olduğunu kabuletmektedirler. Allah zulmü, şerri ya da belâları yaratmakla kötülük yapmış olmaz. Çünküfiillerini bir hikmete bağlı olarak yaratmaktadır. Kulun bu hikmeti anlamamış olması iseyaratıcıya yaratmış olduğu fiil sebebiyle herhangi bir sıfat veya isim gerektirmemektedir.
The question of Husn-Qubh is one of the most fundamental issues of kalam, which revealsthe relationship between God and man and the world. This study, which we have donewith the example of Abu'l Yusr Al-Bazdawi, one of the early Maturıdı theologians, aimsto reveal his understanding of husn-Qubh. For, the issue of husn-Qubh is an issue thatdeals with whether the good and the bad are found themselves in the world and whetherthey deserve the reward in the hereafter or the punishment in the hereafter. Mu'tezıleclaimed that God was obliged to create certain things, since he accepted the existence ofhusn and qubh inherently. According to them, it is wajib for him to create his deeds ashasan since he is an evil person in the world and Allah should not create evil as a matterof justice. According to the Ash'ari, there is no good or bad person in the outside world,and nothing happens to Allah. His actions are always harmful. God does not do evil bycreating evil and evil things. Bazdawi, on the other hand, accepts that the good and thebad exist in the world with its nominal aspect that varies according to events andsituations, as Mu'tezıle says, just as in the tradition of Maturıdı kalam. God does not doevil by creating cruelty, evil or troubles. Because he creates his actions based on awisdom. The fact that the servant does not understand this wisdom does not require anytitle or name due to the act he has created for the creator.
The question of Husn-Qubh is one of the most fundamental issues of kalam, which revealsthe relationship between God and man and the world. This study, which we have donewith the example of Abu'l Yusr Al-Bazdawi, one of the early Maturıdı theologians, aimsto reveal his understanding of husn-Qubh. For, the issue of husn-Qubh is an issue thatdeals with whether the good and the bad are found themselves in the world and whetherthey deserve the reward in the hereafter or the punishment in the hereafter. Mu'tezıleclaimed that God was obliged to create certain things, since he accepted the existence ofhusn and qubh inherently. According to them, it is wajib for him to create his deeds ashasan since he is an evil person in the world and Allah should not create evil as a matterof justice. According to the Ash'ari, there is no good or bad person in the outside world,and nothing happens to Allah. His actions are always harmful. God does not do evil bycreating evil and evil things. Bazdawi, on the other hand, accepts that the good and thebad exist in the world with its nominal aspect that varies according to events andsituations, as Mu'tezıle says, just as in the tradition of Maturıdı kalam. God does not doevil by creating cruelty, evil or troubles. Because he creates his actions based on awisdom. The fact that the servant does not understand this wisdom does not require anytitle or name due to the act he has created for the creator.
