Publication: Din sosyolojisinde kavramsal yeterlilik sorunu : Habitus kavramı
Abstract
Bu çalışma Türkiye’de bilimsel çalışmalarda ithal edilen kavramların Türkiye gerçekliklerini açıklamaktaki yeterliliğini, örnek olarak seçilen habitus kavramı çerçevesinde araştırmayı amaçlar. Kavram kelimesini Marshall “Sosyal bilimcilerin toplumsal fenomenleri analiz etmek, gözlemlenen dünyanın nesnelerini sınıflandırmak, bu fenomenleri açıklayarak bir anlam yüklemek ve bu gözlemler temelinde üst düzey önermeler formüle etmek amacıyla başvurdukları terminolojik araçlar” olarak tanımlamaktadır (Marshall: 1999 398). Sosyal bilimlerde kullanılan bu araçlar matematik ve fen bilimlerinden farklı olarak değer yüklü kavramlardır ve bu sebeple içerisinde doğdukları toplumların dili, tarihi ve kültüründen izler taşırlar. Bu noktada sosyal bilimlerde kullanılan kavramların evrenselliği bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamada tezimizde din sosyolojisi alanında kullanılan kavramsal setin yeterliliği habitus kavramı örnekliğinde tartışılmış, konu; kavramsallaştırma süreçleri, kavramların evrenselliği ve bilgi-toplum konuları etrafında ele alınarak, yerli/ milli sosyoloji söylemleri ve Avrupa merkezci düşünce eğilimlerinin görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Tezin amacı, habitus kavramının Türkiye bağlamında sahip olduğu imkân ve sınırlılıkları ortaya koymak ve alternatif bir kavramın varlığını sorgulamaktır. Bu şekilde sosyal bilimlerde kullanılan kavram setlerinin yeterliliği meselesi gündeme getirilerek Türkiye’de kavram geliştirme meselesinin öneminin ortaya koyulması hedeflenmiştir.Üzerine çalıştığımız konunun özgünlüğünü ve önemini tespit edebilmek için Ulusal Tez Merkezi (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ giris.jsp) üzerinde yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda habitus kavramı çerçevesinde pek çok çalışma yapıldığı fakat kavramın yeterliliği ve alternatif bir kullanım imkanının sorgulanmadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca Bourdieu sosyolojisi ve habitus kavramının akademik çalışmalarda kullanımı artmasına karşın yapılan çalışmalarda kavramın tam olarak netleşmemesi ve muğlak duruşu bizi bu kavramı incelemeye sevk etmiştir. Öncelikle konu ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılarak ilgili metinlerin incelemesinde nitel araştırma tekniklerine başvurulmuştur. Metinler doküman incelemesi tekniği ile sistematik olarak incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Ayrıca habitus kavramının tanımlarını, kullanımlarını ve habitus ile ilişkili diğer kavramları ortaya koymak ve kavramı oluşturan temel unsurları belirlemek için kavram analizi yapılmıştır. Son olarak muhit kavramı, birey ve kentin birbiri üzerinde kurucu etkisini anlatması bakımından habitus kavramı yerine bir öneri olarak sunulmuş, imkânları tartışılmıştır.
This study aims to investigate the adequacy of the concepts imported in scientific studies in Turkey in explaining Turkish realities within the framework of the concept of habitus chosen as an example. Marshall defines the word concept as The terminological means by which social scientists seek to analyse social phenomena, to classify the objects of the observed world, impart meaning through explanation to these phenomena, and formulate higher-level propositions on the basis of these observations. (Marshall: 1999 398). Unlike mathematics and science, these tools used in social sciences are value-laden concepts and therefore bear traces of the language, history and culture of the societies in which they are born. At this point, the universality of the concepts used in social sciences emerges as a problem. In this context, the adequacy of the conceptual set used in the field of sociology of religion is discussed in our thesis with the example of the concept of habitus, the subject is discussed around the conceptualization processes, universality of concepts and knowledge-society issues, and the views of indigenous/ national sociology discourses and Eurocentric thought tendencies are included. The aim of the thesis is to reveal the possibilities and limitations of the concept of habitus in the Turkish context and to question the existence of an alternative concept. In this way, it is aimed to raise the issue of the adequacy of the concept sets used in social sciences and to reveal the importance of concept development in Turkey.As a result of the literature review conducted on the National Thesis Center (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ giris.jsp) in order to determine the originality and importance of the subject we are working on, it has been seen that many studies have been conducted within the framework of the concept of habitus, but the adequacy of the concept and the possibility of an alternative use have not been questioned. In addition, although the use of Bourdieu's sociology and the concept of habitus has increased in academic studies, the lack of clarity and ambiguity of the concept in the studies conducted led us to examine this concept. First of all, a literature review on the subject was conducted and qualitative research techniques were used to analyze the relevant texts. The texts were systematically analyzed and interpreted using document analysis technique. In addition, a concept analysis was conducted to reveal the definitions and uses of the concept of habitus and other concepts related to habitus and to determine the basic elements that make up the concept. Finally, the concept of neighborhood is presented as a suggestion instead of the concept of habitus in terms of the constitutive effect of the individual and the city on each other, and its possibilities are discussed.
This study aims to investigate the adequacy of the concepts imported in scientific studies in Turkey in explaining Turkish realities within the framework of the concept of habitus chosen as an example. Marshall defines the word concept as The terminological means by which social scientists seek to analyse social phenomena, to classify the objects of the observed world, impart meaning through explanation to these phenomena, and formulate higher-level propositions on the basis of these observations. (Marshall: 1999 398). Unlike mathematics and science, these tools used in social sciences are value-laden concepts and therefore bear traces of the language, history and culture of the societies in which they are born. At this point, the universality of the concepts used in social sciences emerges as a problem. In this context, the adequacy of the conceptual set used in the field of sociology of religion is discussed in our thesis with the example of the concept of habitus, the subject is discussed around the conceptualization processes, universality of concepts and knowledge-society issues, and the views of indigenous/ national sociology discourses and Eurocentric thought tendencies are included. The aim of the thesis is to reveal the possibilities and limitations of the concept of habitus in the Turkish context and to question the existence of an alternative concept. In this way, it is aimed to raise the issue of the adequacy of the concept sets used in social sciences and to reveal the importance of concept development in Turkey.As a result of the literature review conducted on the National Thesis Center (https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ giris.jsp) in order to determine the originality and importance of the subject we are working on, it has been seen that many studies have been conducted within the framework of the concept of habitus, but the adequacy of the concept and the possibility of an alternative use have not been questioned. In addition, although the use of Bourdieu's sociology and the concept of habitus has increased in academic studies, the lack of clarity and ambiguity of the concept in the studies conducted led us to examine this concept. First of all, a literature review on the subject was conducted and qualitative research techniques were used to analyze the relevant texts. The texts were systematically analyzed and interpreted using document analysis technique. In addition, a concept analysis was conducted to reveal the definitions and uses of the concept of habitus and other concepts related to habitus and to determine the basic elements that make up the concept. Finally, the concept of neighborhood is presented as a suggestion instead of the concept of habitus in terms of the constitutive effect of the individual and the city on each other, and its possibilities are discussed.