Publication: Ortadoğu ülkelerinde savunma harcamalarının nedenleri, geleceği ve sosyo-ekonomik etkileri
Abstract
Soğuk savaş sona ermesine, bilgi toplumunun ön plana çıkmasına, insanların ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanda karşılıklı ilişkilerinin artmasına rağmen, savunma harcamaları halen dünyadaki önemini korumaktadır. Ortadoğu içinde, savunma harcamaları önemini korumaktadır ve oldukça yüksek düzeydedir. Bu bölge dünyanın en fazla askerileştirilmiş bölgesidir. Soğuk savaş döneminde iki kutup arasında adeta bir yarışa dönen silahlanma, her iki kutbunda alt bölgesel sistemlerine yayılmış, bu durumdan Ortadoğu’da nasibini almıştır. Özellikle Batılı devletler, Ortadoğu Devletlerine silah bağışlama yoluyla bu devletlerin militarist yapısını güçlendirmiş, bu devletlerin geçmişte bölgedeki petrolden elde etmiş olduğu ayrıcalıkları sürdürmek için bölgeye yönelik temel parolalarının “petrole karşı silah” olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca Ortadoğu’nun silahlanmasında; bölge ülkelerinin devlet ve toplum yapıları, sosyoekonomik sorunları ile bölgede İsrail Devletinin varlığı diğer önemli faktörler olarak sayılabilir. Soğuk savaş döneminden sonra ise savunma harcamaları dünya genelinde belli bir süre düşüş eğilimi içinde olmuşsa da, bu durum süreklilik göstermemiş, büyük güçlerin dünyaya egemenlik mücadeleleri, bölgesel çatışmaların artması gibi sebepler yüzünden tekrar yükselmeye başlamıştır. Gelecekte; başta ABD, Çin ve Rusya Federasyonu’nun savunma harcamalarını sürekli olarak arttırmaları, bu harcamaların dünya genelinde artmasına sebep olacaktır. Bu durum zaten savunma harcamaları yüksek olan Ortadoğu ülkelerinin bu harcamalarını daha da arttırıcı etkide bulunacaktır. Ayrıca ABD’nin Irak’ ta devam eden işgali, İran’a olası bir müdahalesi ve İsrail’in saldırganlaşan politikası bölgede savunma harcamalarını arttırıcı diğer faktörler olacaktır.
Despite the cold war ended, the information society projected into fore plan, the reciprocal relations of human increased in the economic, social and cultural areas, the expenditures of defense stil maintain their importancy in the world. In the Middle East the expenditures of defense maintain their importancy and they are at very high level. This region is the most militarized zone in the world. In the cold war era armament which transformed into a competition between the two polars extended to the sub regional systems of the both polars, from this situation Middle East got its portion. Especially the Western states by the way of donating weapon to the Middle East states strenghtened the militarist structure of those states; in order to carry on the priviliges they attained from petrolium in the region in the past it was seen that their fundamental passwords towards the region is “weapon against petrolium”. Besides, in the armament of the Middle East; the structures of the state and society of the countries of the region, with socio-economic problems, the existence of the Israel state in the region can be counted as other important factors. After the era of the cold war however the expenditures of defense was in the trend of decrease in general of the world a certain time, this situation did not display continuity, because of the reasons those the big powers’ struggle for the sovereignty of the world, the increase of the regional clashes again began to increase. In the future the making of increases of the expenditures of defense by primarily USA, China, The Federation of Russia will be the reason to cause to increase these expenditures rise in general of the world. This condition naturally will make a causative rising effect of their defense expenditures which are already high.In addition, the occupation remaning of USA in Iraq, perhaps on inference to Iran getting aggresive politics of Israel will occur the other factors increasing the expenditure of defence in the region.
Despite the cold war ended, the information society projected into fore plan, the reciprocal relations of human increased in the economic, social and cultural areas, the expenditures of defense stil maintain their importancy in the world. In the Middle East the expenditures of defense maintain their importancy and they are at very high level. This region is the most militarized zone in the world. In the cold war era armament which transformed into a competition between the two polars extended to the sub regional systems of the both polars, from this situation Middle East got its portion. Especially the Western states by the way of donating weapon to the Middle East states strenghtened the militarist structure of those states; in order to carry on the priviliges they attained from petrolium in the region in the past it was seen that their fundamental passwords towards the region is “weapon against petrolium”. Besides, in the armament of the Middle East; the structures of the state and society of the countries of the region, with socio-economic problems, the existence of the Israel state in the region can be counted as other important factors. After the era of the cold war however the expenditures of defense was in the trend of decrease in general of the world a certain time, this situation did not display continuity, because of the reasons those the big powers’ struggle for the sovereignty of the world, the increase of the regional clashes again began to increase. In the future the making of increases of the expenditures of defense by primarily USA, China, The Federation of Russia will be the reason to cause to increase these expenditures rise in general of the world. This condition naturally will make a causative rising effect of their defense expenditures which are already high.In addition, the occupation remaning of USA in Iraq, perhaps on inference to Iran getting aggresive politics of Israel will occur the other factors increasing the expenditure of defence in the region.