Publication: Mardin Müzesi’ndeki Musul Atabegliği sikkeleri (1127 - 1259)
Abstract
Mardin Müzesi’nde bulunan Zengî sikkelerinden hareketle, bu beyliğin ekonomik, idarî, dinî, hususiyetle de siyasî tarihi takip edilebilmekte ve bu alanlarda var olan boşluklar doldurulabilmektedir. Tarihsel süreçte Zengîler, Horasan, Irak ve Anadolu Selçukluları, Artuklu, Haçlı, Eyyûbî, Moğol, Abbâsî Halifeliği ve bölgedeki çeşitli siyasi teşekküllerle ilişkileri olduğu görülmektedir.Sikke, Ortaçağ tarihinde bir alış veriş aracı olmanın yanında, devletin hâkimiyet sembolü olması bakımından da önemli bir vesikadır. Paralar devletin ve onu yönetenlerin hükümranlığını (egemenliği) temsil etmiştir. Sikke, Türk-İslâm dünyasında bağımsızlığın, bazen de bağlılığın ve egemen bir güç olmanın sembolü olarak kabul edilmiş, tahta oturan hükümdarın sikke kestirip hutbe okutması iktidarın gereklerinden sayılmıştır.Zengilere ait paralarda atabeylerin adları, unvanları, sıfatları, dualar ve Kelime-i Tevhid gibi dinî ibareler ve Kuran-ı Kerim’den ayetler mevcuttur. Bunun yanında Zengî sikkelerinde İslâmî gelenekte bulunmayan bazı tasvirlere de rastlamak mümkündür. Birçok bakımdan birbirine benzeyen Zengi ve Artuklu sikkeleri fazlasıyla yerli unsur ve Bizans sikkelerinde kullanılan tasvirler ile benzer özellikler taşımaktadır.
On the basis of the Zengid coins in the Mardin Museum, the economic, administrative, religious, and in particular the political history of this principality can be observed and the existing gaps in these areas can be filled. In the historical process, it is seen that the Zengid have relations with the Khorasan, Iraq and Anatolian Seljuks, Artuqids, Crusaders, Ayyubids, Mongolians, Abbâsîd Caliphate and various political structure in the region. the monarch who had thrown the throne, printed coins and delivered the sermon was taken into consideration as the necessity of being in power.In addition to being a shopping tool in medieval period, coin is also an important source in terms of being the symbol of sovereignty of the state. It represented the sovereignty of the state and its rulers. The coin was accepted as a symbol of independence, sometimes loyalty and being a sovereign power in the Turkic-Islamic world.The coins of Zangids contain the names, titles, attributions that belong to atabek, prayers and religious phrases such as Word of Tawhid and verses from the Quran. In addition, some depictions not included in Islamic tradition can be encountered in the Zengid coins. The coins of Zengid and Artuqid, which are similar in many respects, are highly indigenous and have similar features with the depictions used in Byzantine coins.
On the basis of the Zengid coins in the Mardin Museum, the economic, administrative, religious, and in particular the political history of this principality can be observed and the existing gaps in these areas can be filled. In the historical process, it is seen that the Zengid have relations with the Khorasan, Iraq and Anatolian Seljuks, Artuqids, Crusaders, Ayyubids, Mongolians, Abbâsîd Caliphate and various political structure in the region. the monarch who had thrown the throne, printed coins and delivered the sermon was taken into consideration as the necessity of being in power.In addition to being a shopping tool in medieval period, coin is also an important source in terms of being the symbol of sovereignty of the state. It represented the sovereignty of the state and its rulers. The coin was accepted as a symbol of independence, sometimes loyalty and being a sovereign power in the Turkic-Islamic world.The coins of Zangids contain the names, titles, attributions that belong to atabek, prayers and religious phrases such as Word of Tawhid and verses from the Quran. In addition, some depictions not included in Islamic tradition can be encountered in the Zengid coins. The coins of Zengid and Artuqid, which are similar in many respects, are highly indigenous and have similar features with the depictions used in Byzantine coins.