Publication: M. F. Ahundzade’nin felsefi ve toplumsal görüşleri
Abstract
Mirza Fethali Ahundzade, toplumsal, felsefi ve eleştirel düşünceleri ile yaşadığı dönemin en önemli reformcu aydınları arasında yer alır. Türk-İslam dünyasında Türkçe ilk komedi yazarı olarak bilinen Ahundzade, aynı zamanda İslam dünyasında ilk alfabe reformcularından biri kabul edilmektedir. Ahundzade, çeşitli alanlarda yazdığı eserleriyle yaşadığı Azerbaycan toplumunun bilinçlenmesi, ilerlemesi ve eğitim seviyesinin yükselmesi konusunda önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Ahundzade’nin çeşitli eserlerinde dile getirdiği felsefi, toplumsal, siyasi görüşleri, ayrıca insan hak ve özgürlükleri, kadın erkek eşitliği, din konusundaki eleştirileri, alfabe ıslahatı fikri ve diğer konular üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma giriş ve iki bölüm olarak tasarlanmış, giriş kısmında yazarın yaşadığı dönem incelenmiştir. Birinci bölümde Ahundzade’nin hayatı, öğrenimi, şahsiyeti ve memuriyeti hakkında bilgi verilmiş, eserleri genel değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ise düşünürümüzün çeşitli konularla ilgili görüşleri araştırılmış, kimlerden etkilendiği ve hangi felsefi düşünceye sahip olduğu belirtilmiş, dine ve topluma karşı yönelttiği eleştiriler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Nihayet sonuç kısmında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Anahtar kavramlar: Mirza Fethali Ahundzade, Aydınlanma, Modernizm, Materyalizm, Nedensellik, Alfabe Reformu.
Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadah is an important reformist intellectual of the current period with social, philosophical and critical thoughts. He is not only known within the Turkish-Islamic world as the first Turkish language comedy writer, at the same time he is also considered as one of the important alphabet reformists in the Islamic world. With his works in diffirent fields, Akhundzada contributed significantly to the awakening, progression and the improvement of the educational level of Azerbaijan society where he lived and belonged to. This study focuses on philosophical, social, and political thoughts of Akhundzada as well as his views on human rights and freedoms, gender equality, criticism about religion, alphabet reform idea and other topics. The study is designed in the form of an introduction and two chapters, whereas, in the introduction the writer’s living time period is investigated. In first chapter the information about the life, education, personality and civil service of Akhundzadah is given, in addition to the general evaluation of his work. In second chapter the opinions of the philisopher about different topics have been researched, mentioning about with whom he got affected and what philosophical thoughts he possesed, moreover, criticism towards religion and society are also put forward. In the end, as a result, a general evaluation has been made. Key words: Mirza Feth-Ali Akhundzada, Enlightenment, Modernism, Materialism, Causality, Alphabet Reform.
Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadah is an important reformist intellectual of the current period with social, philosophical and critical thoughts. He is not only known within the Turkish-Islamic world as the first Turkish language comedy writer, at the same time he is also considered as one of the important alphabet reformists in the Islamic world. With his works in diffirent fields, Akhundzada contributed significantly to the awakening, progression and the improvement of the educational level of Azerbaijan society where he lived and belonged to. This study focuses on philosophical, social, and political thoughts of Akhundzada as well as his views on human rights and freedoms, gender equality, criticism about religion, alphabet reform idea and other topics. The study is designed in the form of an introduction and two chapters, whereas, in the introduction the writer’s living time period is investigated. In first chapter the information about the life, education, personality and civil service of Akhundzadah is given, in addition to the general evaluation of his work. In second chapter the opinions of the philisopher about different topics have been researched, mentioning about with whom he got affected and what philosophical thoughts he possesed, moreover, criticism towards religion and society are also put forward. In the end, as a result, a general evaluation has been made. Key words: Mirza Feth-Ali Akhundzada, Enlightenment, Modernism, Materialism, Causality, Alphabet Reform.