Publication: Sağlık iletişimi ve panik söylemi : Yeni medyada covid-19 haberleri
Abstract
İlk olarak 2019 yılının son aylarında Çin’in Vuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan Koronavirüs kısa sürede bütün dünyaya yayılmış bu nedenle 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde pandemi ilan edilmiştir. Kısa sürede pandemi haline gelen virüs hem dünyada hem Türkiye’de medyanın ana gündem konusu olmuştur. Yüksek oranda bulaşıcı olan virüs nedeniyle vatandaşlar bu dönemde haberleri özellikle internet haberleri ve sosyal medya platformları aracılığıyla takip etmişlerdir. Medya işletmelerinin haberlerini üretirken haberin bilgilendirme işlevini göz önünde bulundurmaları, doğru ve tarafsız bilgilerden meydana gelen haberleri üretmeleri bilgi ihtiyacının artış gösterdiği salgın gibi kriz dönemlerine oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Ancak ne yazık ki bireylerin pandemi döneminde haber almak için sıklıkla tercih ettiği virüs konulu haberler, daha fazla etkileşim almak için abartılı başlıklarla ve hatalı ilişkilendirilmiş fotoğraflarla üretilmiştir. Bununla birlikte sosyal medyada kullanıcılar tarafından üretilen bilgilerin çoğu da doğruluğu kanıtlanmamış bilgilerden ve komplo teorilerinden meydana gelmiştir. Böyle bir ortamda vatandaşlar salgınla birlikte bilgi kirliliği sorunuyla da karşı karşıya gelmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında internet haber sitelerinin koronavirüs konulu haberlerinde kullanmış oldukları korkutucu ve panik uyandırıcı ifadeler merkeze alınarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında Türkiye’de haber üreten CNN Türk, Hürriyet, Sabah, Sözcü ve T24 haber sitelerinin Twitter’da paylaşmış oldukları koronavirüs konulu korku ve panik uyandırıcı söylemlerin yoğun olduğu haberleri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada adı geçen her bir haber sitesinin koronavirüs konulu 13 adet haberi Twitter paylaşımları ile birlikte ele alınarak van Dijk’in geliştirmiş olduğu Eleştirel Söylem Analizi ile incelenmiştir. Tez çalışmasında ayrıca koronavirüs aşılarıyla ilgili Twitter’da paylaşımlarda bulunan etkileşimleri yüksek ikisi aşı taraftarı, ikisi aşı karşıtı 4 farklı hekimin paylaşımları da yine eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda haber sitelerinin koronavirüs konulu haberlerinde haberciliğin bilgilendirme işlevini göz ardı ettikleri ve daha çok okuyucuları etkilemek amacıyla korku ve panik uyandırıcı başlıklarla haberlerini servis ettikleri dikkat çekmiştir. Bununla birlikte haberin içeriğinde de korkutucu ifadelerin sıklıkla kullanıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Haberde kullanılan fotoğrafların haber metnini desteklemekten ziyade stok görüntüsü izlenimi verdikleri, bu anlamda haberle fotoğraflar arasında çoğunlukla hatalı ilişkilendirme yapıldığı görülmüştür. Haberlerde yer alan açıklamaların genellikle bilimsel araştırma verileriyle desteklenmediği ve haberlerde kaynak bildirimi yapılmadığı saptanmıştır. Benzer şekilde hekimlerin de korkutucu ifadelerle oluşturdukları gönderilerinde yeterli kaynak bildirimi yapmadıkları ve bilimsel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilere yer vermedikleri bu anlamda açıklamalarında destek sunmadıkları gözlemlenmiştir.
Coronavirus, which first appeared in Wuhan, China, in the last months of 2019, spread all over the world in a short time, so it was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The virus, which became a pandemic in a short time, became the main agenda topic of the media both in the world and in Turkey. Due to the highly contagious virus, citizens followed the news especially through internet news and social media platforms during this period. It is very important for media companies to consider the informative function of the news when producing their news and to produce news consisting of accurate and unbiased information in crisis periods such as epidemics, when the need for information increases. However, unfortunately, virus-related news, which individuals frequently preferred to get news during the pandemic period, were produced with exaggerated headlines and incorrectly attributed photos in order to attract more interaction. However, most of the information produced by users on social media consists of unproven information and conspiracy theories. In such an environment, citizens have also faced the problem of information pollution along with the pandemic. In this thesis study, the frightening and panic-inducing expressions used by internet news sites in their news about coronavirus were examined by focusing on them. Within the scope of the research, the news shared on Twitter by CNN Türk, Hürriyet, Sabah, Sözcü and T24 news sites that produce news in Turkey, containing fear and panic-inducing discourses about coronavirus, were taken into consideration. In the study, 13 news articles about coronavirus from each news site mentioned were examined together with their Twitter posts and analyzed with the Critical Discourse Analysis developed by van Dijk. In the thesis study, the shares of 4 different highly interactive physicians, two pro-vaccine and two anti-vaccine, who shared posts on Twitter about coronavirus vaccines, were also examined using the critical discourse analysis method. As a result of the research, it was noted that news sites ignored the informative function of journalism in their news about coronavirus and served their news with fear and panic-inducing headlines in order to impress the readers. At the same time, it was observed that frightening expressions were frequently used in the content of the news. It has been observed that the photographs used in the news give the impression of stock images rather than supporting the news text, and in this sense, incorrect associations are often made between the news and the photographs. It has been determined that the statements in the news are generally not supported by scientific research data and the sources are not stated in the news. Similarly, it has been observed that physicians did not provide sufficient source information in their posts with frightening expressions, did not include data obtained from scientific research, and did not provide support in their statements in this sense.
Coronavirus, which first appeared in Wuhan, China, in the last months of 2019, spread all over the world in a short time, so it was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The virus, which became a pandemic in a short time, became the main agenda topic of the media both in the world and in Turkey. Due to the highly contagious virus, citizens followed the news especially through internet news and social media platforms during this period. It is very important for media companies to consider the informative function of the news when producing their news and to produce news consisting of accurate and unbiased information in crisis periods such as epidemics, when the need for information increases. However, unfortunately, virus-related news, which individuals frequently preferred to get news during the pandemic period, were produced with exaggerated headlines and incorrectly attributed photos in order to attract more interaction. However, most of the information produced by users on social media consists of unproven information and conspiracy theories. In such an environment, citizens have also faced the problem of information pollution along with the pandemic. In this thesis study, the frightening and panic-inducing expressions used by internet news sites in their news about coronavirus were examined by focusing on them. Within the scope of the research, the news shared on Twitter by CNN Türk, Hürriyet, Sabah, Sözcü and T24 news sites that produce news in Turkey, containing fear and panic-inducing discourses about coronavirus, were taken into consideration. In the study, 13 news articles about coronavirus from each news site mentioned were examined together with their Twitter posts and analyzed with the Critical Discourse Analysis developed by van Dijk. In the thesis study, the shares of 4 different highly interactive physicians, two pro-vaccine and two anti-vaccine, who shared posts on Twitter about coronavirus vaccines, were also examined using the critical discourse analysis method. As a result of the research, it was noted that news sites ignored the informative function of journalism in their news about coronavirus and served their news with fear and panic-inducing headlines in order to impress the readers. At the same time, it was observed that frightening expressions were frequently used in the content of the news. It has been observed that the photographs used in the news give the impression of stock images rather than supporting the news text, and in this sense, incorrect associations are often made between the news and the photographs. It has been determined that the statements in the news are generally not supported by scientific research data and the sources are not stated in the news. Similarly, it has been observed that physicians did not provide sufficient source information in their posts with frightening expressions, did not include data obtained from scientific research, and did not provide support in their statements in this sense.