Publication: Türkiye'de Muhtarlık Teşkilatının Kuruluşu ve Gelişimine Genel Bir Bakış
Abstract
Bu makalede, II. Mahmud döneminde yeniçeri ocağının ortadan kaldırılmasından sonra, İstanbul’da öncelikle doğum, ölüm, göç, nakil ve sair nüfus hareketlerini kontrol altına alıp güvenliği sağlamak amacına matuf olarak kurulan muhtarlık teşkilâtının tarihî gelişimi ele alınacaktır. İlk olarak 1829 yılında İstanbul’da kurulan bu teşkilât, uygulamadan olumlu neticeler alınması üzerine 1833’ten itibaren taşraya da yaygınlaştırıldı; ancak taşrada tatbiki plânlı ve programlı olmaktan ziyade fiilî durumun bir neticesi olarak ortaya çıktı. Öncelikle Kastamonu’da kurulan muhtarlık kurumu, taşrada âyanlığın yerine ikame edildi. Gördüğü görevler zamanla merkezde gerçekleştirilen bürokratik reformlara ve bunların taşraya yaygınlaştırılmasına paralel olarak bir genişleme ve değişim gösterdi. Bu birim, Osmanlı Devleti’nin ortadan kalkmasından sonra özellikle Arap coğrafyasında bir müddet daha varlığını sürdürdü. Cumhuriyet döneminde ise gördüğü vazifeler bir ara belediyelere devredildiyse de, işlerin bu şekilde yürümediği ortaya çıkınca tekrar görevleri iade edildi.
This article examines the historical develpment of the office of muhtar (the elected head of a village or a neighborhood) which was established to register birth and death and provide security by taking migration and other population movements in İstanbul under control in the aftermath of the abolishment of the Janissary Corps in 1826. First it was established in İstanbul in 1829 and after being sure of its use, it was spread in the provinces from 1833 onwards. In the provinces, it was first established in Kastamonu and aimed at taking the responsinbilities of Ayanlık (notability). As time progressed its functions were increased in line with the bureaucratic reforms in the centre and their implementations in the provinces. After the destruction of the Otoman Empire it continued to exist in some Arab countries. During the Republican period, for a while its functios were transferred to municipalities, but later this decision was reversed.
This article examines the historical develpment of the office of muhtar (the elected head of a village or a neighborhood) which was established to register birth and death and provide security by taking migration and other population movements in İstanbul under control in the aftermath of the abolishment of the Janissary Corps in 1826. First it was established in İstanbul in 1829 and after being sure of its use, it was spread in the provinces from 1833 onwards. In the provinces, it was first established in Kastamonu and aimed at taking the responsinbilities of Ayanlık (notability). As time progressed its functions were increased in line with the bureaucratic reforms in the centre and their implementations in the provinces. After the destruction of the Otoman Empire it continued to exist in some Arab countries. During the Republican period, for a while its functios were transferred to municipalities, but later this decision was reversed.