Publication: Kadın girişimcilerin girişimcilik niyetini etkileyen faktörler : Finansal teşvikler üzerinden karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma
Abstract
Girişimcilik niyeti literatürde yer alan en basit tanımıyla kişilerin kendi işine sahip olma isteğini ifade etmektedir. Kişilerin girişimci olmalarındaki en temel nedenler olarak ise kendi işinin patronu olmak ve yüksek kazanç elde etme isteği söylenebilir. Girişimci olmak isteyen kişilerin bu isteklerini hayata geçirebilmeleri için ise bir sermayeye ihtiyaç duydukları kaçınılmaz bir gerçektir. Yeterli birikime sahip olmayan veya girişimlerini büyütmek isteyen girişimcilerin faydalanabileceği, ülkemizde girişimcilere yönelik devlet ve özel kurumlar tarafından sunulan birçok finansal teşvik bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın girişimcilerin girişimcilik niyetini etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmektir. Bu faktörler tespit edilmeye çalışılırken anket yöntemi kullanılmış ve Türkiye’de girişimi aktif olarak faaliyette olan kadın girişimcilere ulaşılmıştır. Anket sonuçları analiz edilirken katılımcılar girişimcilere yönelik finansal teşviklerden yararlanan ve yararlanmayan kadın girişimciler olarak iki gruba ayrılıp bu iki grup arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Toplanan veriler öncelikle faktör ve güvenilirlik analizleri ile analiz edilip güvenilir olmayan faktörler analizden çıkarılarak araştırma modeli yeniden oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra hipotez testleri aşamasında hangi analizlerin yapılacağı belirlendikten sonra bu analizleri uygulamak için gerekli koşulların sağlanıp sağlanmadığını test edebilmek için normallik testleri yapılmıştır. Normal dağılım sağlanan durumlar için parametrik, sağlanmayan durumlar için ise bu testlerin parametrik olmayan karşılıkları kullanılarak hipotez testleri yapılmıştır. Analizler SPSS 28.0 uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara bağlı olarak hipotez sonuçları karşılaştırılmış ve bu sonuçlar kısaca tartışılmıştır. Bulgular, eğitim seviyesi, medeni durum, iş tecrübesi, finansal teşvikler ve risk alabilme eğilimi faktörlerinde bu araştırmanın örneğini oluşturan iki grup için benzer sonuçlar gösterirken; yaş, zengin olma isteği, özgüven ve yenilikçilik faktörlerinin girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki etkisi konusunda ise iki grup arasında değişen sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
The intention of entrepreneurship, in the simplest definition found in the literature, represents individuals' desire to have their own business. The fundamental reasons for individuals to become entrepreneurs can be stated as the desire to be their own boss and achieve high earnings. An inevitable reality for those aspiring to become entrepreneurs is the need for capital to realize their aspirations. In Turkey, there are numerous financial incentives offered by government and private institutions for entrepreneurs who do not have sufficient savings or wish to expand their ventures. The aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of women entrepreneurs. In attempting to identify these factors, a survey method was used, reaching women entrepreneurs actively engaged in entrepreneurship in Turkey. During the analysis of survey results, participants were categorized into two groups: women entrepreneurs benefiting from financial incentives and those who do not. Comparisons were made between these two groups. The collected data were initially analyzed through factor and reliability analyses. Unreliable factors were eliminated from the analysis, and the research model was reconstructed. Subsequently, during the hypothesis testing phase, normality tests were conducted to determine whether the necessary conditions for applying the chosen analyses were met. Parametric tests were used for cases where normal distribution was achieved, and non-parametric equivalent of these tests were used for cases where it was not achieved. The analyses were conducted using the SPSS 28.0 program. Based on the obtained results, hypothesis outcomes were compared, and these results were briefly discussed. While the findings indicate similar results for the two groups comprising the sample of this study in terms of factors such as education level, marital status, work experience, financial incentives, and willingness to take risks; varying results were obtained between the two groups regarding the impact of age, desire for wealth, self-confidence, and innovativeness factors on entrepreneurial intention.
The intention of entrepreneurship, in the simplest definition found in the literature, represents individuals' desire to have their own business. The fundamental reasons for individuals to become entrepreneurs can be stated as the desire to be their own boss and achieve high earnings. An inevitable reality for those aspiring to become entrepreneurs is the need for capital to realize their aspirations. In Turkey, there are numerous financial incentives offered by government and private institutions for entrepreneurs who do not have sufficient savings or wish to expand their ventures. The aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of women entrepreneurs. In attempting to identify these factors, a survey method was used, reaching women entrepreneurs actively engaged in entrepreneurship in Turkey. During the analysis of survey results, participants were categorized into two groups: women entrepreneurs benefiting from financial incentives and those who do not. Comparisons were made between these two groups. The collected data were initially analyzed through factor and reliability analyses. Unreliable factors were eliminated from the analysis, and the research model was reconstructed. Subsequently, during the hypothesis testing phase, normality tests were conducted to determine whether the necessary conditions for applying the chosen analyses were met. Parametric tests were used for cases where normal distribution was achieved, and non-parametric equivalent of these tests were used for cases where it was not achieved. The analyses were conducted using the SPSS 28.0 program. Based on the obtained results, hypothesis outcomes were compared, and these results were briefly discussed. While the findings indicate similar results for the two groups comprising the sample of this study in terms of factors such as education level, marital status, work experience, financial incentives, and willingness to take risks; varying results were obtained between the two groups regarding the impact of age, desire for wealth, self-confidence, and innovativeness factors on entrepreneurial intention.