Publication: Ehl-i Sünnet ile Şia arasında ihtilaf konusu olan siyasi boyutlu ayetler -tefsir ve tahlil-
Abstract
EHL-İ SÜNNET İLE ŞÎA ARASINDA İHTİLÂF KONUSU OLAN SİYASÎ BOYUTLU AYETLER –TEFSİR VE TAHLÎL- Hz. Peygamber’in vefatından sonra ortaya çıkan “halifenin kim olacağı meselesi” ilerleyen dönemde büyük fikir ayrılıklarına sebep olmuştur. Halifenin hangi niteliklerde olacağı, nasıl başa geçeceği, hangi aileye mensup olacağı vb. konularda ümmet-i Muhammed farklı görüşler öne sürmüş, bunun neticesinde mezhepler ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmada yer verilen Ehl-i Sünnet, ümmetin büyük çoğunluğunu temsil ederken; Şîa da bu anlamda ikinci yekûnu teşkil etmektedir. İmamet/ hilafet, Hz. Peygamber’den sonra İslam toplumunun her bakımdan sevk ve idaresini üstlenecek kişinin görev ve makamını ifade eden bir kavramdır. Bu kavram Ehl-i Sünnet ile Şîa arasındaki en eski siyasî- kelamî polemiği oluşturur. Görünürdeki temel sebebi, Hz. Peygamberin vefatından sonra kimin halife olması gerektiği noktasındaki görüş ayrılığına dayanan ve zaman içerisinde derin boyutlar kazanan bu ihtilaf kültürü, tarihsel süreçte zengin bir reddiye literatürünün oluşmasına yol açmıştır. Her iki mezhep de siyaset/ yönetim anlayışlarını delillendirirken tabiî olarak Kur’an’a başvurmuş; Şîa, imamet doktrinini, Ehl-i Sünnet de hilafet nazariyesini bazı ayetlere dayandırmıştır. Her ikisinin de bu kavramlarla kastettiği yönetim iken, Şîa bunu bir inanç meselesi haline getirmiştir. Ehl-i Sünnet’e göre ise bu mesele bir inanç esası değil; furu-i fıkhın konusudur. Çalışmada her iki mezhebin de bu konuda görüşlerini açıklarken kullandıkları ayetler ve yaptıkları yorumlara yer verilmiştir. Bu aşamada disiplinin ana kaynağı olan tefsirlerden yararlanılmıştır. Şiî müfessirlerden üç; Sünnî müfessirlerden de üç olmak üzere toplamda altı tefsire yer verilmiştir. Sonuç itibariyle içinde imamet, hilafet, velayet, ulu’l emr, şura, ehl-i beyt gibi siyasî boyutu olan ya da bir şekilde söz konusu mefhumlarla bağdaştırılan ayetler çalışmanın esas konusunu oluşturmuştur. Ehl-i Sünnet, Şîa, Ehl-i Beyt, imamet, velâyet, hilafet, şûrâ, ulu’l-emr.
THE POLITIC DIMENSIONAL VERSES ARE CONFLICTED BY AHL-AS-SUNNAH AND SHÎ’A –COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS- “The matter of who will be the calif” that existed following the death of the Prophet, caused deep disagreements in the oncoming period. The community (ummah) of Mohammed put different opinions forward regarding the matters such as what the qualifications of the calif will be like, how he will take the lead, which family he will belong to, as a consequence of this, the sects occurred. While the Sunnites included in the work, represent the majority of the community, the Shi’a constitutes the second formation. Following the imam/ caliphate, is the concept which defines the duty and the position of the person who will take over the administration of the İslamic community in terms of every aspect after the Prophet. This concept constitutes the oldest political word argument between the Sunnites and the Shi’a. The apparent main reason, this disagreement culture which is based on the difference of opinion regarding who will be the calif following the death of the Prophet and which obtained deep dimensions in time, caused the constitution of a rich rejection literature in the historical process. Both sects applied to the Koran when trying to prove the politics/ management conceptions; the Shi’a, doctrine of following the imam, and the Sunnites attributed the caliphate theory to some verses. While the both meant the management with these concepts, the Shi’a made this an issue of faith. According to the Sunnites, this matter is not an issue of faith; but the subject of the sub-branch of the Islamic law. In the work, the verses and the comments of the both sects that they used when explaining this subject, were included. At this stage, the commentaries which are the main source of the discipline, were used. In total, six commentaries, three from the Shiah glossators, three from the Sunni glossators were included. As a result, the verses which correlates with the conceptions such as following the imam, the caliphate, obeying the imam, the executive organ, council, the Prophet Mohammed’s daughter and the grandsons which have the political dimension or are in question, constituted the main subject of the work. Key Words: The Sunnites, the Shi’a, Ahl al-Bayt, following the imam, obeying the imam, the caliphate, council, the executive organ.
THE POLITIC DIMENSIONAL VERSES ARE CONFLICTED BY AHL-AS-SUNNAH AND SHÎ’A –COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS- “The matter of who will be the calif” that existed following the death of the Prophet, caused deep disagreements in the oncoming period. The community (ummah) of Mohammed put different opinions forward regarding the matters such as what the qualifications of the calif will be like, how he will take the lead, which family he will belong to, as a consequence of this, the sects occurred. While the Sunnites included in the work, represent the majority of the community, the Shi’a constitutes the second formation. Following the imam/ caliphate, is the concept which defines the duty and the position of the person who will take over the administration of the İslamic community in terms of every aspect after the Prophet. This concept constitutes the oldest political word argument between the Sunnites and the Shi’a. The apparent main reason, this disagreement culture which is based on the difference of opinion regarding who will be the calif following the death of the Prophet and which obtained deep dimensions in time, caused the constitution of a rich rejection literature in the historical process. Both sects applied to the Koran when trying to prove the politics/ management conceptions; the Shi’a, doctrine of following the imam, and the Sunnites attributed the caliphate theory to some verses. While the both meant the management with these concepts, the Shi’a made this an issue of faith. According to the Sunnites, this matter is not an issue of faith; but the subject of the sub-branch of the Islamic law. In the work, the verses and the comments of the both sects that they used when explaining this subject, were included. At this stage, the commentaries which are the main source of the discipline, were used. In total, six commentaries, three from the Shiah glossators, three from the Sunni glossators were included. As a result, the verses which correlates with the conceptions such as following the imam, the caliphate, obeying the imam, the executive organ, council, the Prophet Mohammed’s daughter and the grandsons which have the political dimension or are in question, constituted the main subject of the work. Key Words: The Sunnites, the Shi’a, Ahl al-Bayt, following the imam, obeying the imam, the caliphate, council, the executive organ.