Publication: Şihâbuddîn Mercânî ve Kazan'da matbuat dönemi mushaf çalışmaları
Abstract
ÖZETBilinen ilk matbu mushaf 1537/ 1538 yılında İtalyan matbaacı AleksandroPaganini tarafından Venedik’te basılmıştır. Bunu 1694 tarihinde Almanya ve 1787yılında Rusya’da yapılan basımlar takip etmiştir. Avrupa’da yapılan ilk basımdanyaklaşık üç asır sonra 1801 yılında Kazan’da tabedilen mushaf ise Müslümanlartarafından basılan ilk mushaf olmuştur. Mushafların matbaalarda çoğaltılmasıberaberinde pek çok problemin de gündeme gelmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu problemlerinortaya çıkmasına sebep olan hususlardan biri tek seferde binlerce hatalı mushafınpiyasaya sürülmesine engel olacak bir denetim mekanizmasının bulunmamasıdır. Öteyandan mushaf basımında hangi kriterlerin esas alınacağı da belirsizdir. Bu bağlamdailk defa mushafın hattatlar marifetiyle çoğaltıldığı dönemde gündeme gelen Resm-iOsmanî’ye ittiba meselesi, matbuat döneminde tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışmadaşekil-zabt ve imla hususiyetleri birbirinden farklı olan üç mushaf ele alınmıştır.Öncelikle 1787 yılında Petersburg’ta, 1801’de Kazan’da basılan mushafların şekil-zabtve imla özellikleri incelenmiş, bunlar arasıdaki benzerlik ve farklar ortaya koyulmuştur.Bununla birlikte söz konusu mushafların Resm-i Osmânî’ye ittiba eden ilk matbumushaf olma ihtimali göz önünde bulundurularak bunlar mushaf imlası bakımındandeğerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Ayrıca Kazan Mushafları’nın hangi denetimmekanizmaları tarafından, hangi esaslar ve yöntemler doğrultusunda basıldığı sorularınacevap aranmıştır. Bu bağlamda 1859 yılında Kazan’da basılan mushafları tashihetmekle görevlendirilen Şihâbuddîn Mercânî’nin, Kazan bölgesindeki mushafbasımında ve mushafların imla ve zabt özelliklerinin tayininde nasıl bir görev ifa ettiğitespit edilmiştir. Bu konuda Mercânî’nin musahhihlik vazifesinde bulunduğu esnadakaleme aldığı el-Fevâidu’l-Muhimme isimli eseri esas alınmıştır.
ABSTRACTThe first known printed edition of mushaf was published in Venice in1537/ 1538 by the Italian printer Aleksandro Paganini. This was followed by the editionsin Germany in 1694 and in Russia in 1787. About three centuries after the first editionin Europe, the mushaf printed in Kazan in 1801 was the first mushaf to be published byMuslims. The reproduction of mushafs in printing houses bring about many problems.One of the issues that have led to these problems is the lack of an audit mechanism toprevent the release of thousands of faulty mushafs at once. On the other hand, it isunclear which criteria will be taken as basis in mushaf printing. In this context, the issueof keeping up with Rasm Al-'Uthmani, which was first raised in the period whenmushaf was reproduced by calligraphers, came to the agenda again during the printingperiod. In this study, three mushafs which are different from each other in terms ofform-zabt (rasm al-mushaf) and spelling (rasm al-mushaf) are discussed. First, the formzabtand spelling characteristics of the mushafs published in Petersburg in 1787 and inKazan in 1803 were examined and the similarities and differences between them wererevealed. However, these mushafs were evaluated in terms of rasm al-mushaf, takinginto consideration the possibility of being the first printed mushaf keeping up withRasm Al-'Uthmani. Also, the answers were sought for the questions by which controlmechanisms, and with which principles, and methods the Kazan Mushafs werepublished. In this context, It has been determined how Şihâbuddîn Mercânî, who wasassigned to correct the mushafs published in Kazan in 1859, performed his task inmushaf printing and determining the spelling and zabt characteristics of mushafs inKazan region. In this regard, al-Fevâidu’l-Muhimme, which was written by Mercânîduring his job as proofreader, was taken as the basis.
ABSTRACTThe first known printed edition of mushaf was published in Venice in1537/ 1538 by the Italian printer Aleksandro Paganini. This was followed by the editionsin Germany in 1694 and in Russia in 1787. About three centuries after the first editionin Europe, the mushaf printed in Kazan in 1801 was the first mushaf to be published byMuslims. The reproduction of mushafs in printing houses bring about many problems.One of the issues that have led to these problems is the lack of an audit mechanism toprevent the release of thousands of faulty mushafs at once. On the other hand, it isunclear which criteria will be taken as basis in mushaf printing. In this context, the issueof keeping up with Rasm Al-'Uthmani, which was first raised in the period whenmushaf was reproduced by calligraphers, came to the agenda again during the printingperiod. In this study, three mushafs which are different from each other in terms ofform-zabt (rasm al-mushaf) and spelling (rasm al-mushaf) are discussed. First, the formzabtand spelling characteristics of the mushafs published in Petersburg in 1787 and inKazan in 1803 were examined and the similarities and differences between them wererevealed. However, these mushafs were evaluated in terms of rasm al-mushaf, takinginto consideration the possibility of being the first printed mushaf keeping up withRasm Al-'Uthmani. Also, the answers were sought for the questions by which controlmechanisms, and with which principles, and methods the Kazan Mushafs werepublished. In this context, It has been determined how Şihâbuddîn Mercânî, who wasassigned to correct the mushafs published in Kazan in 1859, performed his task inmushaf printing and determining the spelling and zabt characteristics of mushafs inKazan region. In this regard, al-Fevâidu’l-Muhimme, which was written by Mercânîduring his job as proofreader, was taken as the basis.