Publication: Muhaddislere göre peygamberlik delilleri (Delailü’n-Nübüvve)
Abstract
Arapçada nebî ve resûl kelimeleriyle ifade edilen peygamber ve kurumun ismi olan peygamberlik İslâm'ın üç temel inanç esasından birisidir. Peygamberlik; Allah'ın emir ve yasaklarını insanlara bildirmek için içlerinden birisini elçi olarak seçmesidir. Peygamber de bir beşer olduğu için, diğer hemcinslerinde bulunan bütün özellikleri taşır. Bütün din karşıtı hareketler Batı'da genellikle doğrudan yaratıcıyı hedef almış, ancak İslâm dünyasında daha çok peygamberlik müessesesine yöneltilen tenkitlerle tezahür etmiştir. Hicrî ilk asırda gerçekleştirilen fetihlerle müslümanların diğer din mensuplarıyla karşılaşmaları sonucu, özellikle Hint kökenli Berâhime'nin etkisiyle İslâm dünyasında peygamberlik müessesesini toptan reddeden fikirler seslendirilmeye başlamıştır. Müslümanlar içinde peygamberliği kabul etmeyen guruplara genellikle bâtınî ve zındık ismi verilmiştir. Nübüvvet karşıtı bu cereyana müslüman ilim adamları tarafından şiddetle karşı çıkılmıştır. Gerek Mutezile ve Şîa gibi itikadî fırka temsilcileri olsun, gerekse târih ve hadis gibi İslâmî disiplinlerin temsilcileri olsun hemen her kesim peygamberliği reddeden fikirlere cevap mahiyetinde eserler kaleme almıştır. Bu çalışmaların sonucu Hz. Peygamber'in nübüvvetini konu alan bazı ilim dalları doğmuştur. Muhaddisler Hz. Peygamber'in nübüvvetini ispat etmek için rivayete dayalı deliller ileri sürmüşlerdir. Eski mukaddes kitaplarda Hz. Muhammed'in geleceğinin haber verilmesi, kâhinlerin ve cinlerin verdiği haberler, doğum öncesi ve doğumunda gerçekleştiği ileri sürülen mucizevî olaylar ve Kur'ân- Kerîm muhaddisler tarafından Resûlullah'ın peygamberliğinin delilleri arasında sayılmıştır. Ayrıca hurma kütüğünün inlemesi, ağaçların ve taşların hareket etmesi ve Hz. Peygamber'e selam vermesi, suların ve yemeğin çoğalması gibi hissî mucizeler diğer delillerdir. Bunların yanında Resûlullah (s.a.)'in verdiği gaybî haberler, kabul edilen duaları, mükemmel ahlâkî şahsiyeti ve fizik görünüşü ile getirdiği din diğer delillerdir.
The Prophet, which is called in Arabic as Nabi and Rasul, and its institutional name Prophethood is one of the three basic beliefs of Islam. The Prophethood is the God's preference for a person in order to send his guidance (commands and prohibitions) for mankind. The Prophet is a human being, and as a human he has all the characteristics of mankind. In West, generally all atheistic movements aimed at God; but in Islamic world this movement began with the criticism of Prophethood. With the Conquests that took place in the second year of the Hegira, the Muslims confronted with the members of other religions, as a result of this, and especially under the influence of the Berahime of India, some anti-prophethood movements occurred in Islamic world. The groups that denied the necessity of prophethood among Muslims are usually called Batini/ esoteric and Zindik/ atheist. Nearly all scholars, either the scholars of religious sects like Shia and Mutazila, or the scholars of other disciplines like History and Hadith, wrote books as a response to those who denied the necessity of Prophethood. As a result of these activities some branches of science that deal with the Prophethood of Muhammad came into being. The Reporters (Muhaddisun) put forth narrative evidences to establish the Prophethood of Muhammad. The mention of the arrival of Muhammad in previous Holy books, the messages of oracles and Jinns, the miraculous events that took place during the birth of Muhammad, and the Qur'an are cited by Reporters among the evidences of the Prophethood of Muhammad. Apart from these, the sensible miracles, like the groan of the date log, the movement of trees and rocks to salute the Prophet, the augmentation of water and meals are other evidences. Besides, the Prophet Muhammad's messages about the invisible world, and accepted prayers, his perfect morality and physical appearance and the religion he brought are other evidences of his Prophethood.
The Prophet, which is called in Arabic as Nabi and Rasul, and its institutional name Prophethood is one of the three basic beliefs of Islam. The Prophethood is the God's preference for a person in order to send his guidance (commands and prohibitions) for mankind. The Prophet is a human being, and as a human he has all the characteristics of mankind. In West, generally all atheistic movements aimed at God; but in Islamic world this movement began with the criticism of Prophethood. With the Conquests that took place in the second year of the Hegira, the Muslims confronted with the members of other religions, as a result of this, and especially under the influence of the Berahime of India, some anti-prophethood movements occurred in Islamic world. The groups that denied the necessity of prophethood among Muslims are usually called Batini/ esoteric and Zindik/ atheist. Nearly all scholars, either the scholars of religious sects like Shia and Mutazila, or the scholars of other disciplines like History and Hadith, wrote books as a response to those who denied the necessity of Prophethood. As a result of these activities some branches of science that deal with the Prophethood of Muhammad came into being. The Reporters (Muhaddisun) put forth narrative evidences to establish the Prophethood of Muhammad. The mention of the arrival of Muhammad in previous Holy books, the messages of oracles and Jinns, the miraculous events that took place during the birth of Muhammad, and the Qur'an are cited by Reporters among the evidences of the Prophethood of Muhammad. Apart from these, the sensible miracles, like the groan of the date log, the movement of trees and rocks to salute the Prophet, the augmentation of water and meals are other evidences. Besides, the Prophet Muhammad's messages about the invisible world, and accepted prayers, his perfect morality and physical appearance and the religion he brought are other evidences of his Prophethood.