Publication: Bilgisayar denetimli,sayısal yöntemle çalışan elektrik enerji sayacı gerçekleştirilmesi ve eğitime uygulanması
Abstract
Gelişmenin ana motoru olan enerjinin önemi, teknolojik bilincin artmasıyla her geçen gün daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Özellikle sanayinin birincil öncelikli olarak önem verdiği elektrik enerjisi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların artışı gittikçe dikkat çekmektedir. Doğal olarak artan elektrik enerjisi gereksinimi, akla enerji alanına yapılan ve yapılamayan yatırımları, beraberinde de enerji tasarrufunu getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada özellikle düşük güçlü tüketici olarak tanımlanabilecek resmi daireler, okullar, üniversiteler, hastaneler gibi insanların yoğun bulunduğu yerler ile küçük ve orta ölçekli fabrikaların kullanımına ve enerji tasarrufuna yönelik bilgisayar denetimli, sayısal yöntemle çalışan üç fazlı aktif elektrik enerji sayacı gerçekleştirilerek cihazın çalışması hakkında teknik eğitim açısından bilgi verilmiştir. Araştırmada ilk olarak evlerde kullanılan bir fazlı aktif elektrik sayacının teknolojik gelişimi açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, aktif enerji sayaçları konusunda Türkiye ve dünyada bugüne kadar yapılan çeşitli çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Bu bilgilerden hareketle, üç fazlı dengesiz yük tüketen abonelere yönelik olarak ENERAK adı verilen bilgisayar denetimli sayısal yöntemle çalışan bir aktif enerji izleme sistemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen ENERAK aktif enerji izleme sisteminin doğruluğunun sağlanması için kalibrasyon devresi tasarlanmış olup çeşitli dengeli ve dengesiz aktif güç/ enerji değerleri için kalibrasyon yapılarak kalibrasyonda ölçüm belirsizliği belirlenmiştir. Tüketilen aktif güç dolayısıyla aktif enerji ile SAMES 9105APA entegre devresinin çıkış frekansı arasındaki fonksiyon araştırılmış ve aktif enerji hesaplamasında kullanılacak bir katsayı elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra Delphi Client Server 3.01 ENERAK yazılımı yazılıp, ENERAK yazılımı ile çeşitli yük değerleri için karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. ENERAK aktif enerji izleme sistemi ile saatlik, günlük, aylık ve yıllık aktif enerji değerlerini dakikalık olarak izlemek ve kaydetmek olasıdır. ENERAK aktif enerji izleme sistemi ile tüketici modeli olarak seçilen Marmara Üniversitesi Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi D binasının tüketilen aktif enerji değerleri bilgisayardaki veri tabanı dosyalarına kaydedilmektedir. Son olarak elde edilen teknolojik bilgilerin teknik eğitimde uygulanabilmesinin yöntemleri açıklanmıştır.
The importance of energy which is the main engine of development is being understood better day by day with increasing of technical consciousness. The increase in the number of studies done about electrical energy to which the industry gives priority importance attracts attention. Naturally, the increasing need for electrical energy makes people think of the achieved investments and investments yet to come to the energy field, and also of energy saving procedures. In this study, the three-phased active PC controlled electrical energy meter working with the digital method devoted to energy saving and usage of the places which can be defined as less energy consumers especially like official buildings, universities, schools, hospitals, small and medium scaled industrial companies where people are in large numbers, has been realised, and also technical information about how it functions is given. In this research, the technological development of one phased active electrical energy meter used in residences, is explained. Then, the information about studies done for active electrical energy meters in Turkey and in the world until today is given. Using all these informations, ENERAK, a PC controlled active electrical energy supervising system, working with the digital method, has been realised for unbalanced three-phased consumers. In order to obtain the accuracy of the realised ENERAK active electrical energy supervising system, a calibration circuit has been designed. And also calibration has been done for the different balanced and unbalanced active power/ active energy values and an uncertainity in mesurement is determined. The function between output frequency of SAMES 9105APA integrated circuit and active electrical energy is researched through consumed active power which will be used later on to determine the active electrical energy later has been required. Then, having written ENERAK software by Delphi Client Server 3.01 programme, a comparison has been done for different load values using ENERAK active energy supervising system. It's possible to supervise and record hourly, daily, monthly and yearly active electrical energy values minute by minute by using ENERAK active energy supervising system. The consumed active energy values of Marmara University, Technical Education Faculty Building D which has been selected as consumer model, were recorded to data base files in the PC. Finally, methods as to how these acquired technological information can be applied to the technical education, are explained.
The importance of energy which is the main engine of development is being understood better day by day with increasing of technical consciousness. The increase in the number of studies done about electrical energy to which the industry gives priority importance attracts attention. Naturally, the increasing need for electrical energy makes people think of the achieved investments and investments yet to come to the energy field, and also of energy saving procedures. In this study, the three-phased active PC controlled electrical energy meter working with the digital method devoted to energy saving and usage of the places which can be defined as less energy consumers especially like official buildings, universities, schools, hospitals, small and medium scaled industrial companies where people are in large numbers, has been realised, and also technical information about how it functions is given. In this research, the technological development of one phased active electrical energy meter used in residences, is explained. Then, the information about studies done for active electrical energy meters in Turkey and in the world until today is given. Using all these informations, ENERAK, a PC controlled active electrical energy supervising system, working with the digital method, has been realised for unbalanced three-phased consumers. In order to obtain the accuracy of the realised ENERAK active electrical energy supervising system, a calibration circuit has been designed. And also calibration has been done for the different balanced and unbalanced active power/ active energy values and an uncertainity in mesurement is determined. The function between output frequency of SAMES 9105APA integrated circuit and active electrical energy is researched through consumed active power which will be used later on to determine the active electrical energy later has been required. Then, having written ENERAK software by Delphi Client Server 3.01 programme, a comparison has been done for different load values using ENERAK active energy supervising system. It's possible to supervise and record hourly, daily, monthly and yearly active electrical energy values minute by minute by using ENERAK active energy supervising system. The consumed active energy values of Marmara University, Technical Education Faculty Building D which has been selected as consumer model, were recorded to data base files in the PC. Finally, methods as to how these acquired technological information can be applied to the technical education, are explained.