Publication: Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları/ Türkiye Finansal Raporlama Standartları ve Vergi Usul Kanunu değerleme farklılıklarının halka açık şirketlerin mali tabloları ve hisse değerleri üzerindeki etkisi
Abstract
Muhasebe alanında gerek ulusal gerek uluslararası platformda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. “Uluslararası Finansal Raporlama Standartları” (UFRS) ve “Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları” (UMS) geliştirilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Ülkemizde, “Kamu Gözetimi, Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu” (KGK), “Türkiye Finansal Raporlama Standartları”nı (TFRS), “Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları”nı (TMS) ve “Büyük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeler için Finansal Raporlama Standardı”nı (BOBI FRS) yayınlanmış ve uygulanmasına başlanmıştır. Standartların temel amacı muhasebe uygulamalarında ortak bir dil oluşturmaktır. Ancak Türkiye'de “Vergi Usul Kanunu” (VUK) ve “Muhasebe Sisteminin Uygulanmasına İlişkin Genel Tebliğ” (MSUGT) hükümleri ile “Tek Düzen Hesap Planı”na (TDHP) uyma zorunluluğu bulunmaktadır. Bu durum, işletmeler ve finansal tablo kullanıcıları için finansal raporlarda kafa karışıklığına ve farklı yorumlara yol açmaktadır. Vergi kanunlarında değerlemenin amacı vergi matrahını belirlemek olup kural bazlıdır, muhasebe standartları ise finansal tabloları adil bir şekilde sunarak güvenilir ve doğru finansal raporlama sağlamayı amaçlamakta ve ilke bazlı olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, değerleme hükümleri ve hesap sınıflandırmalarına bakıldığında standartlar ve vergi uygulamaları arasında farklılıklar olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, “Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları / Finansal Raporlama Standartları” (TMS/ TFRS), ve “Vergi Usul Kanunu”nda (VUK) finansal raporlamanın ölçülmesinde ve değerlenmesinde kullanılan kriterleri karşılaştırmaktır. Amaç, muhasebe planlarındaki ve değerleme kriterlerindeki farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri belirlemektir. Bu farklılıklar dağıtılabilir karın belirlenmesinde ve Şirket değeri, sermaye yeterliliği gibi önemli hesaplamalarda farklılık yaratmaktadır. Söz konusu araştırmanın çok detaylı olması nedeniyle uygulama konusu gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklığı sektörü ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalara mukayese desteği ile özellikle halka açık şirketler açısından muhasebe ve finansal raporlama uygulayıcıları için literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
A large number of studies have been conducted in the field of accounting at both national and international levels. “International Financial Reporting Standards” (IFRS) and “International Accounting Standards” (IAS) have been developed and applied. In Turkey, “Turkish Financial Reporting Standards” (TFRS), “Turkish Accounting Standards” (TMS) and “Financial Reporting Standard for Large and Medium-Sized Enterprises” (BOBI FRS) have been published by the “Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority” (KGK) and their implementation has started. The main purpose of these standards is to create a common language in accounting applications. However, there is an obligation to comply with the provisions of the “Tax Procedure Law” (VUK) and the “General Communiqué on the Implementation of the Accounting System in Turkey” (MSUGT) and the “Uniform Accounting Plan” (TDHP). This situation leads to confusion and different interpretations in financial reports for businesses and users of financial statements. The purpose of valuation in tax laws is to determine the tax base and is rule-based, while accounting standards aim to provide reliable and accurate financial reporting by presenting financial statements fairly and are seen to be principle-based. As a result, discrepancies between standards and tax applications are observed when valuation techniques and account classifications are investigated. The aim of this study is to compare the criteria used in the measurement and valuation of financial reporting in the “Turkish Accounting/ Financial Reporting Standards” (TMS/ TFRS) and the “Tax Procedure Law” (VUK). The aim is to determine the differences and similarities in accounting plans and valuation criteria. These differences create differences in the determination of distributable profit and important calculations such as Company value and capital adequacy. Due to the very detailed nature of the research in question, the subject was limited to the real estate investment trust sector. The study is expected to contribute to the literature for accounting and financial reporting practitioners, especially in terms of publicly traded companies, with its comparative support to the studies to be conducted in this area.
A large number of studies have been conducted in the field of accounting at both national and international levels. “International Financial Reporting Standards” (IFRS) and “International Accounting Standards” (IAS) have been developed and applied. In Turkey, “Turkish Financial Reporting Standards” (TFRS), “Turkish Accounting Standards” (TMS) and “Financial Reporting Standard for Large and Medium-Sized Enterprises” (BOBI FRS) have been published by the “Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority” (KGK) and their implementation has started. The main purpose of these standards is to create a common language in accounting applications. However, there is an obligation to comply with the provisions of the “Tax Procedure Law” (VUK) and the “General Communiqué on the Implementation of the Accounting System in Turkey” (MSUGT) and the “Uniform Accounting Plan” (TDHP). This situation leads to confusion and different interpretations in financial reports for businesses and users of financial statements. The purpose of valuation in tax laws is to determine the tax base and is rule-based, while accounting standards aim to provide reliable and accurate financial reporting by presenting financial statements fairly and are seen to be principle-based. As a result, discrepancies between standards and tax applications are observed when valuation techniques and account classifications are investigated. The aim of this study is to compare the criteria used in the measurement and valuation of financial reporting in the “Turkish Accounting/ Financial Reporting Standards” (TMS/ TFRS) and the “Tax Procedure Law” (VUK). The aim is to determine the differences and similarities in accounting plans and valuation criteria. These differences create differences in the determination of distributable profit and important calculations such as Company value and capital adequacy. Due to the very detailed nature of the research in question, the subject was limited to the real estate investment trust sector. The study is expected to contribute to the literature for accounting and financial reporting practitioners, especially in terms of publicly traded companies, with its comparative support to the studies to be conducted in this area.