Publication: Kepeğe karşı etkili şampuan formüllerinin hazırlanması ve etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
1. ÖZET Saçtaki kepek problemi, pekçok nedene bağlı olsa da, en önemli nedenlerinden biri Malassezia furfur' un neden olduğu mantar enfeksiyonudur. Günümüzde Malassezia mayaları, geniş çeşitlilik gösteren antifungal ajanlarla topikal olarak tedavi edilmektedir. Antifungallerin etkili olduğu kepek türlerinin yanısıra, nedeni tam olarak belirlenemeyen non- spesifik kepek problemlerine de rastlanmaktadır. Bu tür kepekte etkili olabilen tedaviler, genellikle keratolitik ajanlarla yapılmaktaydı. Çalışmamızda, antifungal etkinliği bilinen % 2 ketokonazol içeren bir şampuanın, antifungal bir madde olan pyrion disülfid’ i % 1 konsantrasyonda içeren bir şampuan ve keratolitik etkili % 0.5’ lik ardıç katranı içeren bir şampuan formülü ile etkinlik karşılaştırmaları, mikrobiyolojik bir yöntem olan disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bu yöntemde, şampuanların seyreltilmiş çeşitli konsantrasyonlarının in vitro olarak M. furfur’ a karşı etkinlikleri, süzgeç kağıtlarından hazırlanan yuvarlak disklere emdirilmelerinin ardından, M. furfur suşunun ekilmiş olduğu agar kaplarına uygulanmaları ve 18, 24, 48 ve 72 saat inkübasyon sonrasında inhibisyon zonu çaplarının ölçülmesiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan ölçümler sonucunda, M. furfur’ un inhibisyonunu en iyi sağlayan etkin madde, ketokonazol, ikinci sırada ketokonazolle mukayese edilebilir sonuçlar veren pyrion disülfid olmuştur. Katranın hiçbir antifungal etkinliğinin olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda aynı zamanda, şampuanlarda kullanılan antibakteriyel etkinliğe sahip yüzey aktif maddelerin inhibisyona katkısının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla etkin madde içermeyen şampuan bazları da aynı yöntemle test edilmiştir ve bunların hiçbir antifungal etkinliğe sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, etkin madde içermeyen şampuanların ve ardıç katranının kepeğe neden olan M. furfur üzerinde hiçbir antifungal etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Katranın kepek tedavisinde göstermiş olduğu başarılı sonuçların keratolitik özelliğine ve DNA üzerindeki mitoz baskılayıcı etkisine bağlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. 2.
PREPARING ANTI- DANDRUFF SHAMPOO FORMULATIONS AND EVALUATING THEIR EFFICACY Dandruff problems in hair may depend on many different reasons, but the most important one is the fungal infection caused by Malassezia furfur. Today, Malassezia yeasts are treated topically by using many different antifungal agents. There are some non- specific types of dandruff of which the causitives cannot be clearly defined, besides the types which can be easily cured by antifungal agents. Effective treatments for non- specific types of dandruff, usually contained keratolytic agents. In our study, the efficacy of a 2% ketoconazole shampoo is compared with the efficacy of two formulations designed, by using a microbiological method: the disc diffusion method. One of the formulations contained an antifungal active ingredient, pyrion disulphide 1%, and the other contained a keratolytic agent, 0.5% juniper tar. In the microbiological method used, the diluted samples of the shampoo formulations were applied to disks prepared from filter paper. Then, to test the efficacy of the samples in vitro against the yeast, mainly responsible for dandruff problems, the disks were applied to agar plates inoculated by Malassezia furfur. Following incubation periods of 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the diameters of the inhibition zones were measured. As a result of the measurements taken, it was clear that the most effective active ingredient against M. furfur was ketoconazole, followed by pyrion disulfide having comparable activity against the yeast with that of ketoconazole. Juniper tar had no antifungal activity against the yeast. At the same time, to test the contribution of the anti- bacterial surface active ingredients in shampoo to the inhibition of the specific yeast, the same method was applied to shampoo bases with no active ingredient. It was clear that the bases alone had no antifungal activity. In conclusion, there was clear evidence that the shampoo bases with no active ingredient against dandruff and juniper tar had no specific anti- fungal activity against the yeast, M. furfur. The success of different types of tar in treatment of dandruff may depend on their keratolytic activities and their direct effect on DNA, suppressing mitosis.
PREPARING ANTI- DANDRUFF SHAMPOO FORMULATIONS AND EVALUATING THEIR EFFICACY Dandruff problems in hair may depend on many different reasons, but the most important one is the fungal infection caused by Malassezia furfur. Today, Malassezia yeasts are treated topically by using many different antifungal agents. There are some non- specific types of dandruff of which the causitives cannot be clearly defined, besides the types which can be easily cured by antifungal agents. Effective treatments for non- specific types of dandruff, usually contained keratolytic agents. In our study, the efficacy of a 2% ketoconazole shampoo is compared with the efficacy of two formulations designed, by using a microbiological method: the disc diffusion method. One of the formulations contained an antifungal active ingredient, pyrion disulphide 1%, and the other contained a keratolytic agent, 0.5% juniper tar. In the microbiological method used, the diluted samples of the shampoo formulations were applied to disks prepared from filter paper. Then, to test the efficacy of the samples in vitro against the yeast, mainly responsible for dandruff problems, the disks were applied to agar plates inoculated by Malassezia furfur. Following incubation periods of 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the diameters of the inhibition zones were measured. As a result of the measurements taken, it was clear that the most effective active ingredient against M. furfur was ketoconazole, followed by pyrion disulfide having comparable activity against the yeast with that of ketoconazole. Juniper tar had no antifungal activity against the yeast. At the same time, to test the contribution of the anti- bacterial surface active ingredients in shampoo to the inhibition of the specific yeast, the same method was applied to shampoo bases with no active ingredient. It was clear that the bases alone had no antifungal activity. In conclusion, there was clear evidence that the shampoo bases with no active ingredient against dandruff and juniper tar had no specific anti- fungal activity against the yeast, M. furfur. The success of different types of tar in treatment of dandruff may depend on their keratolytic activities and their direct effect on DNA, suppressing mitosis.