Publication: Katma değer vergisi kanununda tam ve kısmi istisnaların incelenmesi ve muhasebeleştirilmesi
Abstract
KATMA DEĞER VERGİSİ KANUNUNDA TAM VE KISMİ İSTİSNALARIN İNCELENMESİ VE MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ Üretim tüketim zincirinin her aşamasında, malların ve hizmetlerin satışından alınan ve vergi indirimine imkan tanımak suretiyle değer artışını temel alan, gayri şahsi, çok aşamalı ve genel bir satış vergisi olan Katma Değer Vergisi 01.01.1985 tarihinden itibaren Türkiye’de yürürlüğe girmiştir. Katma Değer Vergisi yerine alınan çeşitli vergilerin (Dahilde alınan istihsal vergisi, İthalde alınan istihsal vergisi, Nakliyat vergisi, PTT hizmetleri vergisi, ilan ve reklam hizmetleri vergisi, İşletme vergisi, spor-toto vergisi, Şeker istihlak vergisi) kaldırılıp yerine Katma Değer Vergisinin getirilmesi hem devlet açısından hemde mükellefler açısından pozitif bir dönüşüm olmuştur. Diğer kanunlarda olduğu gibi Katma Değer Vergisi Kanunu’nda da istisna hükümleri getirilmiş, mükelleflere kolaylık sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu istisnalar Tam İstisna ve Kısmi İstisnalar olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmıştır. Tam İstisna, Katma Değer Vergisi mükellefinin mal veya hizmet alımı nedeniyle yüklendiği verginin, söz konusu alıştan doğan satışın vergiye tabi olmamamsı veya vergiden istisna olması nedeniyle ödenen verginin indirim, mahsup veya nakit iade şeklinde geri dönmesidir. Kısmi İstisna ise, Vergi mükellefinin mal veya hizmet alımı nedeniyle ödediği Katma Değer Vergisi’nin, bu alıştan doğan satışının Katma Değer Vergisi’ne tabi olmaması veya istisna olması nedeniyle ve yasadaki zorunluluklar gereği indirim, mahsup veya nakit iade konusu yapılamayıp doğrudan doğruya maliyet veya giderlere yansıtılmasıdır. Çalışmada Katma Değer Vergisi mükelleflerinin hangi durumda Tam İstisna kapsamında oldukları, hangi durumda ise Kısmi İstisna kapsamında oldukları teorik ve pratik açıdan incelenerek, Tek Düzen Muhasebe Sistemi Hesap Planı Çerçevesinde yer alan hesaplarla ilişkilendirip örnek iş olgularıyla anlatılmıştır. Anahtar Kavramlar: 1) Katma Değer Vergisi, 2) Tam İstisna, 3) Kısmi İstisna, 4) İade, 5) Mahsup
THE ACCOUNTING ASPECT OF EXACT AND PARTIAL EXCEPTIONS IN LAW OF VALUE ADDED TAX Value added tax; which is based on increase in value in the market and considers all sales of goods and servıces ın some steps, is beıng apllied in Turkey sınce 01.01.1985. Before the value added tax, some taxes such as transportatin tax, ptt service tax, advertisement tax were apllied for the place of value added tax. After the value added tax those ather taxes were cancelled. This is a positive transform either government or taxpayers. As in some other laws, there are some exceptıon rules in value added tax law, which brings some facilities to taxpayers. These exceptions are divided into two parts; the first one is exact exceptions and the second one is partial exceptions. The exact exception means; buying the good or service is related with vat but selling that good or service is not related with vat, so the taxpayer can take back taxes with some ways from the government. On the other hand partial exception means, buying the good or service is related with vat but selling that good or service is not related with vat, but the taxpayer can not take back the tax, so the taxpayer can consider the tax paid as a cost. İn this study, we tried to tell in which conditions taxpayers are related with exact ecteptions and in which conditions they are related with partial exception. In addition to this we tried to give some examples and apply those examples on the Turkish uniform accounting plan. Key Concepts: 1-) Value Added Tax 2-) Exact Exception 3-) Partial Exception 4-) Return 5-) Set-off
THE ACCOUNTING ASPECT OF EXACT AND PARTIAL EXCEPTIONS IN LAW OF VALUE ADDED TAX Value added tax; which is based on increase in value in the market and considers all sales of goods and servıces ın some steps, is beıng apllied in Turkey sınce 01.01.1985. Before the value added tax, some taxes such as transportatin tax, ptt service tax, advertisement tax were apllied for the place of value added tax. After the value added tax those ather taxes were cancelled. This is a positive transform either government or taxpayers. As in some other laws, there are some exceptıon rules in value added tax law, which brings some facilities to taxpayers. These exceptions are divided into two parts; the first one is exact exceptions and the second one is partial exceptions. The exact exception means; buying the good or service is related with vat but selling that good or service is not related with vat, so the taxpayer can take back taxes with some ways from the government. On the other hand partial exception means, buying the good or service is related with vat but selling that good or service is not related with vat, but the taxpayer can not take back the tax, so the taxpayer can consider the tax paid as a cost. İn this study, we tried to tell in which conditions taxpayers are related with exact ecteptions and in which conditions they are related with partial exception. In addition to this we tried to give some examples and apply those examples on the Turkish uniform accounting plan. Key Concepts: 1-) Value Added Tax 2-) Exact Exception 3-) Partial Exception 4-) Return 5-) Set-off
