Publication: Ebu Ca‘fer et-Tahavi’nin Muhtasar’ındaki tercihleri
Abstract
Fıkıh muhtasarları mezheplerin temel mesele ve hükümlerini, delillere yer vermeksizin özet bir şekilde sunan ve özel bir telif geleneğini temsil eden eserlerdir. Muhtasaru’t-Tahâvî de bu telif geleneğinin Hanefî mezhebi içerisindeki ilk örneğini teşkil eder. Tahâvî bu eserinde Hanefî imâmları arasındaki ihtilaflı meseleleri nakletmekte ve bu meselelerde Hanefî imâmlarının görüşleri arasından birini وبه نأخذ ifadesiyle açıkça tercih etmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Tahâvî’nin Muhtasar’ında sarih ifadelerle yapmış olduğu tercihleri incelenmiş, özellikle bu tercihlerin muhtasar telif geleneği içerisinde Muhtasaru’t-Tahâvî’nin edinmiş olduğu yere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Tahâvî’nin tercihleri Hanefî imâmlarının görüşleriyle mukâyese edildiğinde daha çok Ebû Yûsuf ve Muhammed b. Hasan eş-Şeybânî’nin görüşlerini tercih ettiği görülmektedir. Nitekim Tahâvî, naklettiği ihtilaflı meselelerin yaklaşık %75’inde Ebû Hanife’ye muhâlefet etmektedir. Muhtasaru’t-Tahâvî’nin Hanefî mezhebi içerisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan ve mûtemed kabul edilen muhtasarlarda esas kaynak olarak kullanılmadığı ve pek yaygınlaşmadığı görülmektedir. Buna etki eden önemli sebeplerden biri olarak Tahâvî’nin sarâhaten yapmış olduğu tercihlerinin büyük kısmının Ebû Hanife’nin değil de Sâhibeyn’in görüşleri doğrultusunda olması düşünülmektedir. Nitekim meşhûr olan ve mûteber kabul edilen muhtasarlarda büyük oranda Ebû Hanife’nin görüşlerinin tercih edilmiş olması bu düşünceyi teyid etmektedir. Tahâvî, Hanefi, Muhtasar, Tercih, İhtilaf.
Compendiums of fiqh are works that summarize the main issues and rulings of the madhabs without referencing the supporting evidence, and represent a distinct tradition of compilation. Mukhtasar al-Tahâwî is the first example of this kind of compilation tradition in the Hanafi madhab. Tahawi, in his book, relays the controversial cases between the hanafi imams, and clearly chooses one of their opinions with the words وبه نأخذ. This study examines only those choices within Tahawi’s compendium al-Mukhtasar which are accompanied by such clear statements and furthermore studies how his choices impacted the status of Mukhtasar al-Tahawi’s within the compilation tradition of compendiums. When Tahawi’s choices are compared with the hanafi imams’ opinions, it can be seen that he mostly prefers Abu Yusuf and Muhammad b. Hasan al-Shaybani’s opinions. As a matter of fact Tahawi opposes Abu Hanife in about 75% of the controversial issues that he relays. It can be seen that Mukhtasar al-Tahawi isn’t used as a main source for the widely used and authoritative compendiums of the madhhab, and that it hasn’t gained much dispersion. It is thought that the most important reason for this fact is that the majority of Tahawi’s clear opinions are in line with the Sahibayn’s, and in contrast with Abu Hanifa’s. Finally, the fact that the well-known and authoritative compendiums mostly prefer Abu Hanifa’s opinions also supports this idea. Key Words: Tahawi, Hanafi, Mukhtasar, Preference, Controversial İssue.
Compendiums of fiqh are works that summarize the main issues and rulings of the madhabs without referencing the supporting evidence, and represent a distinct tradition of compilation. Mukhtasar al-Tahâwî is the first example of this kind of compilation tradition in the Hanafi madhab. Tahawi, in his book, relays the controversial cases between the hanafi imams, and clearly chooses one of their opinions with the words وبه نأخذ. This study examines only those choices within Tahawi’s compendium al-Mukhtasar which are accompanied by such clear statements and furthermore studies how his choices impacted the status of Mukhtasar al-Tahawi’s within the compilation tradition of compendiums. When Tahawi’s choices are compared with the hanafi imams’ opinions, it can be seen that he mostly prefers Abu Yusuf and Muhammad b. Hasan al-Shaybani’s opinions. As a matter of fact Tahawi opposes Abu Hanife in about 75% of the controversial issues that he relays. It can be seen that Mukhtasar al-Tahawi isn’t used as a main source for the widely used and authoritative compendiums of the madhhab, and that it hasn’t gained much dispersion. It is thought that the most important reason for this fact is that the majority of Tahawi’s clear opinions are in line with the Sahibayn’s, and in contrast with Abu Hanifa’s. Finally, the fact that the well-known and authoritative compendiums mostly prefer Abu Hanifa’s opinions also supports this idea. Key Words: Tahawi, Hanafi, Mukhtasar, Preference, Controversial İssue.