Publication: Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin ve Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun roman ve hikâyelerinde şehir
Abstract
Şehirler ait oldukları medeniyetlerin ürünü olarak telakki edilir. Medeniyetlerin her özelliği şehrin gerek maddi gerek manevi ruhuna sirayet eder. Medeniyetler şehirleri oluştururken şehirler medeniyetlerin yıllar içerisindeki aktarıcısı-taşıyıcısı olarak kabul görür. Toplumların tarihsel süreç boyunca ürettiği kültürel birikimler, şehrin ait olduğu medeniyetin bir parçası olup şehirlerin kimliğini şekillendiren en önemli etmendir. Medeniyetlerin kendi şehirlerini oluşturduğu düşüncesinin sac ayaklarını, şehir-kültür-medeniyet kavramları oluşturur ve bu kavramlar birbirinden ayrılmaz bir bütünü imler. Türk edebiyatının önde gelen yazarlarından Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin ve Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun roman ve hikâyelerinde şehir; tarihî-coğrafi özelliklerinin eserlere yansıması açısından önemli olmakla beraber sosyal ve kültürel örüntüleri ile de eserlerin odağını teşkil eden ana konuların en başında gelir. Osmanlı’nın son yıllarından erken dönem Cumhuriyet dönemine değin başta İstanbul olmak üzere Anadolu şehirlerinden Batı/ Avrupa, Rumeli ve Doğu coğrafyasına ait şehirler her yönüyle yazarların roman ve hikâyelerine konu olmuştur. Yazarların roman ve hikâyelerinde şehirler, şehir insanının kültürel birikimlerinin gelenek ve hayat tarzıyla bütünleşerek oluşturulan şehir hayatının çeşitli yansımaları şeklinde hayat bulur. Tarihî yapılar, ikamet kültürü, mimari, ulaşım kültürü, tabiat ve doğal güzellik, eğlence, sanat ve alışveriş kültürü, kurumsal yapılar, dini/ manevi hayat, savaşlar, işgal ve istilalar, siyaset, basın hayatı ve insan; Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin ve Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun roman ve hikâyelerinde şehrin kimliğini ifade eden ve kültürünü yansıtan unsurların başında gelir. Tezin amacı, Türk edebiyatının önde gelen yazarlarından Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin ve Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun roman ve hikâyelerine yansıyan şehir ve şehri var ederek şehrin kimliğini biçimlendiren toplumsal kültürün tezahür ettiği “şehir” konusunu tematik bir yaklaşımla incelemek ve bu minvalde kültür ve medeniyet ekseninde şehirlerin tarihsel süreç içerisinde geçirdiği toplumsal değişim ve mekânsal dönüşüm olgusunu da dikkate alarak medeniyet ve kültürün tezahür alanı olan şehirlerin toplumsal ve kültürel hafızasını tespite çalışmaktır.
Cities are regarded as products of the civilizations to which they belong. Every characteristic of civilizations permeates both the material and spiritual essence of the city. While civilizations create their cities, those cities are recognized as the transmitters and carriers of civilizations over the years. The cultural accumulations produced by societies throughout history are part of the civilization to which the city belongs and are among the most important factors shaping the identity of cities. The idea that civilizations create their own cities is supported by the interconnected concepts of city, culture and civilization, which form an inseparable whole. In the works of prominent Turkish writers such as Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, the city plays a crucial role not only in reflecting its historical and geographical characteristics but also as one of the main themes that shape the social and cultural patterns of the narratives. From the late Ottoman period to the early Republican era, cities from Anatolia, especially İstanbul, as well as those from the West/ Europe, Rumelia and Eastern geography, have been thoroughly explored in the authors novels and stories. In these narratives, cities manifest as various reflections of urban life, where the cultural accumulations of urban people blend with their traditions and lifestyles. Historical structures, residential culture, architecture, transportation culture, nature and natural beauty, entertainment, art and shopping culture, as well as institutional structures, religious/ spiritual life, wars, occupations, invasions, politics, media life and humanity are among the elements that express the identity of the city and reflect its culture in the works of Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu. The aim of this thesis is to thematically examine the concept of city as reflected in the novels and stories of leading Turkish writers Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, exploring how societal culture manifests in shaping the identity of the city. In this context, the social changes and spatial transformations that cities have undergone throughout historical processes are considered, aiming to uncover the social and cultural memory of cities as areas where civilization and culture manifest.
Cities are regarded as products of the civilizations to which they belong. Every characteristic of civilizations permeates both the material and spiritual essence of the city. While civilizations create their cities, those cities are recognized as the transmitters and carriers of civilizations over the years. The cultural accumulations produced by societies throughout history are part of the civilization to which the city belongs and are among the most important factors shaping the identity of cities. The idea that civilizations create their own cities is supported by the interconnected concepts of city, culture and civilization, which form an inseparable whole. In the works of prominent Turkish writers such as Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, the city plays a crucial role not only in reflecting its historical and geographical characteristics but also as one of the main themes that shape the social and cultural patterns of the narratives. From the late Ottoman period to the early Republican era, cities from Anatolia, especially İstanbul, as well as those from the West/ Europe, Rumelia and Eastern geography, have been thoroughly explored in the authors novels and stories. In these narratives, cities manifest as various reflections of urban life, where the cultural accumulations of urban people blend with their traditions and lifestyles. Historical structures, residential culture, architecture, transportation culture, nature and natural beauty, entertainment, art and shopping culture, as well as institutional structures, religious/ spiritual life, wars, occupations, invasions, politics, media life and humanity are among the elements that express the identity of the city and reflect its culture in the works of Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu. The aim of this thesis is to thematically examine the concept of city as reflected in the novels and stories of leading Turkish writers Halide Edip Adıvar, Reşat Nuri Güntekin and Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, exploring how societal culture manifests in shaping the identity of the city. In this context, the social changes and spatial transformations that cities have undergone throughout historical processes are considered, aiming to uncover the social and cultural memory of cities as areas where civilization and culture manifest.