Publication: İzmirli İsmail Hakkı (Fıkhi görüşleri)
Abstract
Bir giriş, iki bölüm ve bir sonuçtan meydana gelen tezin Giriş kısmında İzmirli İsmail Hakkı'nın yaşadığı dönemin siyasi ve fıkhî açıdan kısa bir değerlendirmesi yer alacak, geniş kapsamlı olmamak şartıyla İzmirli'nin hayatı, eğitimi ve eserlerine ayrılacak, tezimizin ana kısmını oluşturan İkinci Bölüm'de ise İzmirli'nin fıkhî görüşlerine yer verilecektir. Dinin ana metinlerinin değişen şartlar ışığında yeni ve çağdaş açıklamalara muhtaç olduğu bir dönemde yaşayan İzmirli, fıkıh ve fıkıh usulü ilimleriyle de özellikle meşgul olmuştur. Fıkıh sahasındaki müstakil eserleri olarak Usul-i Fıkıh Dersleri I, Usul-i Fıkıh Dersleri II, İlm-i Hilâf, Din Dersleri, Müslüman Türk Hukuku ve Dini, Fıkıh Tarihi ve Kitabü'l-İftâ ve Kaza'yı saymak mümkündür. Bunların yanında fıkhî meselelerle ilgili çeşitli mecmualarda makaleler yazmış, tartışmalara çoğu kez aktif olarak taraf olmuştur. Yeni bir fıkıh usulü geliştirme çerçevesinde ictimaî usul-i fıkh adıyla başlayan tartışmalar Kitab, sünnet, icmâ, kıyas, istihsan, örf ve sayılan bu kaynakların işlevleri, hüsün kubuh, cevaz, ictihad, müctehid, kaza, taklid, telfik gibi mevzuları da merkezine alarak giderek geniş bir alana yayılmıştır. İzmirli bu konularla ilgili ortaya atılan iddiaların bir çoğunu eleştirmiş, cevaplamış ve reddetmiştir. Füru alanında da özellikle kadının toplumdaki yeri, kadının hak ve vazifeleri, hülle, tesettür, taaddüd-i zevcat, ribâ gibi mevzularda İzmirli'nin katıldığı ve fikir beyan ettiği önemli tartışmalar cereyan etmiştir. Döneminin önde gelen ilim adamları arasında yer alan İzmirli İsmail Hakkı 78 yıllık hayatı boyunca dini ilimlerin bir çok alanında önemli eserler vermiş fıkıh alanında da günümüz için de anlamını koruyan değerli fikirler ortaya koymuştur. Fıkıh sahasındaki şöhreti kelam ve felsefe sahasındaki şöhreti kadar bariz olmasa da İzmirli İsmail Hakkı'nın fıkıh alanında da diğer iki alanda olduğu gibi müstesna bir yere sahip olduğu söylenebilir.
This thesis consists of four sections. The Introduction briefly introduces the condition of Fiqh in the period Izmirli lived as well as the political circumstances of the time. The first Chapter explores the life, education and works of Izmirli. The second Chapter, which is the main part of the work, discusses the views of Izmirli on Fiqh. Izmirli, who lived in a period during which the need for a reinterpretation of major texts of religion in the light of changing conditions of modern times was deeply felt, focused particularly on Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh. Among his books specially dedicate to these issues are Usul-i Fiqh Dersleri I, Usul-i Fiqh Dersleri II, Ilm-i Hilaf, Din Dersleri, Müslüman Türk Hukuku ve Dini, Fıkıh Tarihi and Kitabü'l-İftâ ve'l-Kaza. Furthermore, he extensively wrote on relevant issues in the periodical journals and took side in the scholarly debates he engaged. In one of such debates, the initial spark emerged around the suggestion of Ziya Gökalp and his friends to construct a sociological method for Fiqh, İctimâî Usul-i Fıqh, which revolved around the functional redefinition of the some of the major Fiqh concepts such as Kitab, Sünnah, Ijma', Qiyas, Istihsan, U'rf, as well as some secondary concepts like Husn, Qubh, Jawaz, Ijtihad, Mujtahid, Qada, Taqlid, and Taklif. Izmirli represented a moderately conservative stand and refused groundless suggestions of reform after a critical examination. On practical legal issues, Izmirli took part in the discussions concerning the social place of women, her rights and duties, the permanent termination of the right for marriage after three divorces between a man and women, women's dress code in Islam, a man's marriage with more than one wife and the prohibition of interest in the economic life. Thus, Izmirli gained prominence and respect as a Muslim scholar who spent his 78 years of life by producing works in different branches of Islamic Sciences, in particular Fiqh, which are still indispensable for the contemporary public. Yet, his works in the field of Fiqh which gives him an exceptional place among the Fiqh scholars of the 20th century, are not as known as his works in the field of Philosophy and Theology. By shedding new light on Izmirli's legacy in Fiqh, this study aims to fill this gap.
This thesis consists of four sections. The Introduction briefly introduces the condition of Fiqh in the period Izmirli lived as well as the political circumstances of the time. The first Chapter explores the life, education and works of Izmirli. The second Chapter, which is the main part of the work, discusses the views of Izmirli on Fiqh. Izmirli, who lived in a period during which the need for a reinterpretation of major texts of religion in the light of changing conditions of modern times was deeply felt, focused particularly on Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh. Among his books specially dedicate to these issues are Usul-i Fiqh Dersleri I, Usul-i Fiqh Dersleri II, Ilm-i Hilaf, Din Dersleri, Müslüman Türk Hukuku ve Dini, Fıkıh Tarihi and Kitabü'l-İftâ ve'l-Kaza. Furthermore, he extensively wrote on relevant issues in the periodical journals and took side in the scholarly debates he engaged. In one of such debates, the initial spark emerged around the suggestion of Ziya Gökalp and his friends to construct a sociological method for Fiqh, İctimâî Usul-i Fıqh, which revolved around the functional redefinition of the some of the major Fiqh concepts such as Kitab, Sünnah, Ijma', Qiyas, Istihsan, U'rf, as well as some secondary concepts like Husn, Qubh, Jawaz, Ijtihad, Mujtahid, Qada, Taqlid, and Taklif. Izmirli represented a moderately conservative stand and refused groundless suggestions of reform after a critical examination. On practical legal issues, Izmirli took part in the discussions concerning the social place of women, her rights and duties, the permanent termination of the right for marriage after three divorces between a man and women, women's dress code in Islam, a man's marriage with more than one wife and the prohibition of interest in the economic life. Thus, Izmirli gained prominence and respect as a Muslim scholar who spent his 78 years of life by producing works in different branches of Islamic Sciences, in particular Fiqh, which are still indispensable for the contemporary public. Yet, his works in the field of Fiqh which gives him an exceptional place among the Fiqh scholars of the 20th century, are not as known as his works in the field of Philosophy and Theology. By shedding new light on Izmirli's legacy in Fiqh, this study aims to fill this gap.