Publication: Türkiye’de Çingene/ Romanların yoksulluk ve sosyal dışlanma ile mücadelesinde roman derneklerinin rolü
Abstract
Çingene/ Romanların yoksulluk ve sosyal dışlanma sorununu konu alan bu tez çalışmasında bu temel sorunlar “etnik yoksulluk” kavramından hareketle analiz edilmiştir. Temel sorunsalı “Türkiye’de Çingene/ Romanların yoksulluk ve sosyal dışlanma ile mücadelesinde Çingene/ Roman Derneklerinin rolü” olarak belirlenen tez çalışmasında mevcut literatürden geniş ölçüde yararlanılmış, ayrıca bir alan araştırması yürütülmüştür. Alan araştırmasında niteliksel yöntem tekniklerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşülecek kişilerin seçiminde hem kartopu (zincirleme) örnekleme kullanılmış hem de internet üzerinden iletişim bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır. Bu çerçevede 4 ayrı şehirde 8’i dernek yöneticisi, 2’si anahtar kişi olmak üzere toplam 10 kişi ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın tüm verileri ışığında, Türkiye’de Çingene/ Roman derneklerinin 2004 yılı sonrası sayılarının hızla artmaya başlaması ile Çingene/ Romanların yoksulluk ve sosyal dışlanma başta olmak üzere birçok sorunlarını görünür kılmaya başladıkları ve çözüm yolları ürettikleri saptanmıştır. Faaliyetlerini yürütmede ve sonuç almakta bir dizi sorun yaşamakla ve sorunlarının çözümündeki etkileri göreli olmakla birlikte, Çingene/ Romanlar örgütlenerek seslerini daha fazla duyurmuşlar ve sorunlarını ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlara iletmeye başlamışlardır. Bu bakımdan yoksulluk ve sosyal dışlanmaya dünyada ve Türkiye’de en fazla maruz kalan, etnikleşen yoksulluk olgusunun somut bir örneği olan Çingene/ Romanlar açısından Türkiye’deki mevcut örgütlenme düzeyi önemli bir ilk adım olarak ele alınmalıdır.
In this thesis, the problem of poverty and social exclusion of Gypsies/ Romas was analysed by using “ethnic poverty” concept. The main problematic of the study is “the role of Gypsy/ Roma associations in combatting poverty and social exclusion of Gypsy/ Roma community”. In order to answer this, existing literature on the issue had been extensively used and additionally a field research was conducted. Semi-structured interview technique, which is one of the qualitative data technique, was used in the field work. The interviewees were reached through snowball (chain) sampling technique and their contact information was gathered through internet sources. Within this framework, a total of 10 interviews were held in 4 different cities; 8 of the interviewees were the representatives of the associations and 2 of them were key persons. In the light of all the data of the study it was reached that the numbers of the associations started to increase rapidly after 2004 in Turkey, and this gave a way to the Gypsy/ Roma people to make their many problems, especially poverty and social exclusion, visible and to produce solutions to them. Even though they face problems in implementing their activities and even though their role is limited in solving their problems, it is clear that Gypsies/ Romas are now formally organized and through their associations they make their voices heard and have the chance to convey their problems to all institutions and organizations. Therefore their attempts to organize and the existing level of their organization should be taken an important first step for the community which represents one the most vulnerable case of ethnic poverty in Turkey and in the rest of the world.
In this thesis, the problem of poverty and social exclusion of Gypsies/ Romas was analysed by using “ethnic poverty” concept. The main problematic of the study is “the role of Gypsy/ Roma associations in combatting poverty and social exclusion of Gypsy/ Roma community”. In order to answer this, existing literature on the issue had been extensively used and additionally a field research was conducted. Semi-structured interview technique, which is one of the qualitative data technique, was used in the field work. The interviewees were reached through snowball (chain) sampling technique and their contact information was gathered through internet sources. Within this framework, a total of 10 interviews were held in 4 different cities; 8 of the interviewees were the representatives of the associations and 2 of them were key persons. In the light of all the data of the study it was reached that the numbers of the associations started to increase rapidly after 2004 in Turkey, and this gave a way to the Gypsy/ Roma people to make their many problems, especially poverty and social exclusion, visible and to produce solutions to them. Even though they face problems in implementing their activities and even though their role is limited in solving their problems, it is clear that Gypsies/ Romas are now formally organized and through their associations they make their voices heard and have the chance to convey their problems to all institutions and organizations. Therefore their attempts to organize and the existing level of their organization should be taken an important first step for the community which represents one the most vulnerable case of ethnic poverty in Turkey and in the rest of the world.