Publication: Birinci Basamak Sağlık Kurumları’nda serviks kanseri taramasına katılımları teşvik etmek için bir sosyal pazarlama uygulaması: müdahale araştırması
Abstract
Basamak Sağlık Kurumları’nda Serviks Kanseri Taramasına Katılımları Teşvik Etmek için Bir Sosyal Pazarlama Uygulaması : Müdahale Araştırması Amaç: Serviks kanseri, sık görülmesi, önlenebilir ve erken tanı konulabilir olması nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. DSÖ’nün Serviks Kanseri Eliminasyon kapsamında, 2030 yılına kadar 35–45 yaş arası kadınların %70’ine yüksek duyarlılığa sahip bir testle serviks kanseri taraması yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Türkiye’de 30–65 yaş grubu kadınlara yönelik HPV-DNA ve Pap-Smear testleri ücretsiz olmasına rağmen, taramalara katılım oranı istenilen düzeyde değildir. Bu çalışmada, bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne (ASM) kayıtlı kadınların serviks kanseri taramalarına katılımını teşvik etmek üzere geliştirilen bir sosyal pazarlama müdahalesinin etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma kapsamında, İstanbul merkezinde müdahale grubu olarak belirlenen bir ASM’de 30-65 yaş grubundaki kadınlardan seçilen örneklemde bir kesitsel araştırma yapılmış, hedef nüfusun serviks kanseri taramasına katılımları konusundaki engeller ve kolaylaştırıcılar belirlenmiştir. Sosyal pazarlama yaklaşımı temelinde geliştirilen toplu SMS metni, 2 ay boyunca müdahale grubundaki serviks kanseri taraması hedef nüfusuna gönderilerek, 30-65 yaş kadınlar HPV-DNA taraması için ASM’ye davet edilmiştir. Araştırma boyunca İstanbul merkezinde kontrol grubu olarak belirlenen bir diğer ASM’de rutin serviks kanseri taraması işleyişi devam etmiştir. Müdahale öncesi ve sonrası veriler AHBS’ler üzerinden elde edilmiş, her iki grupta serviks kanseri taramasına katılan kadın sayıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada müdahale grubunda HPV-DNA testi yaptırmanın kontrol grubuna göre 37 kat fazla olduğu saptanmıştır (RR:37,3; %95 GA:17,5-79,5; p:0,001). Kadınların serviks kanseri taramalarına ilişkin tutum ve davranışlarının sosyodemografik özellikler, HPV ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri ve sağlık inançlarından etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sosyal pazarlama yaklaşımı, serviks kanseri taramalarına katılımı artırmak amacıyla etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, sosyal pazarlama uygulamasının hedef nüfusta HPV tarama testine katılımı artırmada etkili olduğu görülmüş, taramaya katılımın önündeki engeller ve kolaylaştırıcılar belirlenmiştir.
A Social Marketing Intervention to Promote Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening at Primary Health Care Institutions: An Intervention Study Objective: Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence, preventability, and early diagnosability. Within the scope of the WHO’s Cervical Cancer Elimination Program, it is targeted that 70% of women aged 35–45 undergo cervical cancer screening using a high-sensitivity test by 2030. Although HPV-DNA and Pap-Smear tests are provided free of charge for women aged 30–65 in Turkey, participation rates remain below the desired level. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a social marketing intervention designed to encourage cervical cancer screening among women registered at a Family Health Center (FHC). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with women aged 30–65 at the FHC in İstanbul, selected as the intervention group. Barriers and facilitators related to cervical cancer screening participation in the target population were identified. A mass SMS message developed based on the social marketing approach was sent over two months to the target population of the intervention group, inviting women to undergo HPV-DNA screening at the FHC. Meanwhile, routine screening practices continued at the FHC in İstanbul also, designated as the control group. Pre- and post-intervention data were obtained from Family Medicine Information Systems, and the number of women who participated in screening was compared between the two groups. Results: The rate of HPV-DNA testing in the intervention group was found to be 37 times higher than that in the control group (RR:37,3; %95 CI:17,5-79,5; p:0,001). Women's attitudes and behaviors regarding cervical cancer screening were influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV, and health beliefs. Conclusion: The social marketing approach can be used as an effective tool to increase participation in cervical cancer screenings. In this study, the social marketing intervention was found to be effective in increasing participation in HPV screening among the target population, and the barriers and facilitators to screening participation were identified.
A Social Marketing Intervention to Promote Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening at Primary Health Care Institutions: An Intervention Study Objective: Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence, preventability, and early diagnosability. Within the scope of the WHO’s Cervical Cancer Elimination Program, it is targeted that 70% of women aged 35–45 undergo cervical cancer screening using a high-sensitivity test by 2030. Although HPV-DNA and Pap-Smear tests are provided free of charge for women aged 30–65 in Turkey, participation rates remain below the desired level. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a social marketing intervention designed to encourage cervical cancer screening among women registered at a Family Health Center (FHC). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with women aged 30–65 at the FHC in İstanbul, selected as the intervention group. Barriers and facilitators related to cervical cancer screening participation in the target population were identified. A mass SMS message developed based on the social marketing approach was sent over two months to the target population of the intervention group, inviting women to undergo HPV-DNA screening at the FHC. Meanwhile, routine screening practices continued at the FHC in İstanbul also, designated as the control group. Pre- and post-intervention data were obtained from Family Medicine Information Systems, and the number of women who participated in screening was compared between the two groups. Results: The rate of HPV-DNA testing in the intervention group was found to be 37 times higher than that in the control group (RR:37,3; %95 CI:17,5-79,5; p:0,001). Women's attitudes and behaviors regarding cervical cancer screening were influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV, and health beliefs. Conclusion: The social marketing approach can be used as an effective tool to increase participation in cervical cancer screenings. In this study, the social marketing intervention was found to be effective in increasing participation in HPV screening among the target population, and the barriers and facilitators to screening participation were identified.