Dispositional Hope, Psychological Flexibility, and Psychological Distress: Psychometric Properties of the Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index Among Turkish Adults

Abstract

The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index (PPFI) in a Turkish adult community sample, which consisted of 837 people (65% female) aged between 18 and 68 (Mage = 29.93, SD = 13.21). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor structure corresponding to acceptance, avoidance, and harnessing, in accordance with the original PPFI. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model outperformed the one-factor model and showed a good model fit. The Turkish adaptation of the PPFI and its subscales exhibited high internal consistency, convergent validity with dispositional hope, and distress endurance in expected directions. Notably, the Turkish adaptation of the PPFI also showed excellent divergent validity from indices of negative emotionality. This study has offered additional support for the construct validity of the Turkish adaptation of the PPFI by investigating the relationship between psychological flexibility, dispositional hope, and psychological distress. Psychological flexibility emerged as a mediator between dispositional hope and psychological distress, and potential explanations were discussed. The present study offers evidence of the reliability and validity of the PPFI and its potential applicability in the Turkish adult population.