Publication: Küresel emek hareketliliği: çalış ve gez programları
Abstract
KÜRESEL EMEK HAREKETLİLİĞİ: ÇALIŞ VE GEZ PROGRAMLARI Bu çalışmada küreselleşme süreci ile birlikte kültürel değişim programlarında meydana gelen dönüşümde küresel üretim ilişkileri sisteminin etkisini analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Küreselleşme ile birlikte dünya ölçeğinde kültürel bütünleşme vurgusu artmış, kültürel değişim programları bu alanda kullanılabilecek önemli araçlar arasında yer almıştır. Çalışma içinde incelenen ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri tarafından yürütülen “Çalış ve Gez” (Work and Travel) alandaki önemli örneklerden birisini oluşturmaktadır. “Çalış ve Gez” programının aynı zamanda sezonluk istihdamı içeren yapısı ile üretim ilişkilerinin küresel ölçekte düzenlenen işleyişi arasında da bir ilişki olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Tez çalışmasında “Çalış ve Gez” programında daha önce katılımcı olarak yer almış kişiler ve bu program çerçevesinde faaliyet gösteren danışmanlık firmaları ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmeler neticesinde programların çeşitli organizasyonlar tarafından sadece kar amaçlı kullanıldığı görülmüş, programların kültürel değişim amacının yeterince gerçekleştiremediği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca program, işverenler tarafından küresel ölçekte ucuz, esnek ve dönemsel emek gücü temin etmenin bir aracı haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle programın istihdam alanlarının ve çalışma koşullarının katılımcıları zor durumda bırakabildiği bu tez çalışmasının bulguları arasında yer almaktadır.
GLOBAL LABOUR MOBILITY: WORK AND TRAVEL PROGRAMS This study was aimed to analyze the impact of global production system in the transformation occurring in the cultural exchange programs together with the globalization process. Emphasis on cultural integration has been increased across the world with globalization and cultural exchange programs are among the most important tools that can be used in field of cultural integration. The “Work and Travel” program that are examined within the study and are conducted by United States of America, defines an important example among the cultural exchange programs. It was observed that there is also a relation between the structure with seasonal employment of the “Work and Travel” program and the production relations organized on a global scale. Within the scope of this thesis, in-depth interviews were conducted with people who were involved in “Work and Travel” program as a participant and with consulting firms that have been operating within the frame of this program. Results from the conducted interviews indicated that programs are used for profit by various organizations and failed to perform adequately the purpose of cultural exchange. The program has also become a means to provide cheap, flexible and periodical labor force on a global scale by employers. Therefore, the findings of this study reveal that program area of employment and its working conditions may leave participants in a difficult situation.
GLOBAL LABOUR MOBILITY: WORK AND TRAVEL PROGRAMS This study was aimed to analyze the impact of global production system in the transformation occurring in the cultural exchange programs together with the globalization process. Emphasis on cultural integration has been increased across the world with globalization and cultural exchange programs are among the most important tools that can be used in field of cultural integration. The “Work and Travel” program that are examined within the study and are conducted by United States of America, defines an important example among the cultural exchange programs. It was observed that there is also a relation between the structure with seasonal employment of the “Work and Travel” program and the production relations organized on a global scale. Within the scope of this thesis, in-depth interviews were conducted with people who were involved in “Work and Travel” program as a participant and with consulting firms that have been operating within the frame of this program. Results from the conducted interviews indicated that programs are used for profit by various organizations and failed to perform adequately the purpose of cultural exchange. The program has also become a means to provide cheap, flexible and periodical labor force on a global scale by employers. Therefore, the findings of this study reveal that program area of employment and its working conditions may leave participants in a difficult situation.