Publication: 1980 sonrası Türk sinemasındaki kadın temsillerinin kültürel-politik okuması
Abstract
Temsil, Kimlik, Toplumsal Cinsiyet-Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri, Kadın ve Sinema ÖZET 1980 SONRASI TÜRK SİNEMASINDAKİ KADIN TEMSİLLERİNİN KÜLTÜREL-POLİTİK OKUMASI (1980-2010) Bu araştırma bir kitle iletişim aracı olarak sinema ile Türkiye’deki toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri arasındaki ‘sorunsal’ ilişkiden kaynaklı olarak yola çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın bakış açısı toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve ulusal kimlik arasında ilişkisellik bulunduğu ve Türk sinemasında filmin anlatı yapısı ve söylemler kullanılarak oluşturulmuş toplumsal cinsiyet kimliklerinin temsilinin Türk kimlik ve kültürünün bir parçası/ uzantısı olduğu yönündedir. Türk kimliği ve kültürü, siyasi ve toplumsal dönüşümlere tabi olarak değişim göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla kadın temsilleri siyasal ve toplumsal yapıdaki değişimden bağımsız düşünülemez. Bu çalışma 1980 sonrası Türk sinemasındaki kadın temsillerinin kültürel-politik okumasını gerçekleştirmiştir. Çalışma bir kitle iletişim aracı olarak sinema ile Türkiye’deki toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri arasındaki ilişkiselliği araştırmış ve toplumsal cinsiyetin ve bu çalışmanın odak noktası olarak kadın kimliğinin toplumsal koşullarla birlikte ve Türk sineması üzerinden nasıl ve ne şekilde kurulup değişim gösterdiğini anlama çabasına girmiştir. Araştırma 1980 sonrası Türk Sineması’nda kadının nasıl temsil edildiğini; Türk sinemasının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini ve Türk kadınını nasıl kurup temsil ettiğini; Türkiye’deki 1980 sonrası politik ve toplumsal değişimlerin Türk Sineması’nda kadına yüklenen toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri temsillerine nasıl yansıdığını;Türk Sineması’nda kadın bağlamında yansıtılan temsillerin kültürel gerçeklikle örtüşür nitelikte olup olmadığını; Türk Sineması’ndaki temsillerin sosyal ve iktidar ilişkileri yeniden üreten politik bir araç mı olduğu ve bu bağlamda toplumda varolan ataerkil yapıyı meşruaştırıcı mı ya da sorunsallaştırıcı mı olduğu; kadın ve erkek yönetmenlerin kadın konusunu işlerken kadını ele alışlarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların neler olduğunu ve kimliklerin değişken olduğu ve söylemsel olarak kurgulandığı görüşünden yola çıkarak Türk sinemasında kadına atfedilen toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin ve bu rollerdeki değişimlerin filmin anlatı yapısı ve söylemlere göre nasıl oluştuğunu saptayabilmeyi amaçlamıştır. Degree Awarded and Date: Doctorate-June 2011
A CULTURAL-POLITICAL READING OF REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN TURKISH CINEMA (1980-2010) This research’s starting point arised from the problemmatic reationship between cinema and the gender roles attached to women in Turkey; in other words the research concentrated on woman struggle in its media / cinema oriented and represented format. The research argued that there is a reciprocal relationship between national identities and gender roles attached to women in Turkey. Therefore the point of view of the research is that the discursive representations of gender identities in Turkish media is extended to be the part of Turkish identity and culture. Turkish identity and culture transforms according to the political and social developments, therefore the womens representations could not be thought independent from these changes. This reseach has provided a cultural-political reading of womens representation in Turkish Cinema from 1980’s until present. The study endeavoured to investigate the relationship between cinematic representations of gender roles in Turkey by focusing on how gender roles attached to women has been shaped by the social and political changes as well as the cinematic representations. The research has tried to find out the following: How did women in Turkish Cinema was represented from the 1980s until present; how did Turkish Cinema represented gender roles and identities and Turkish women in specific; how has the social changes in Turkey from 1980’s onwards reflected on representations of gender roles attached to women in Turkish Cinema; have the representations of women in Turkish Cinema mirrored the society, were the representations constructions of cultural reality; were the representations within cinema a political tool for reproducing social relations of power and therefore legitimizing status-quo; does it reflect patriarchal gender relations or does it help to reproduce and/ or legitimize or problematize those relations; were there any similarities or differences between male/ female directors in terms of covering women’s issues and by taking up the arguments ‘identities being dynamic and identities being discursively constructed/ re-constructed’ the research tried to explore how did the gender roles attached to women in Turkish Cinema and the changes within is constructed within the film’s narratives and discourses.
A CULTURAL-POLITICAL READING OF REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN TURKISH CINEMA (1980-2010) This research’s starting point arised from the problemmatic reationship between cinema and the gender roles attached to women in Turkey; in other words the research concentrated on woman struggle in its media / cinema oriented and represented format. The research argued that there is a reciprocal relationship between national identities and gender roles attached to women in Turkey. Therefore the point of view of the research is that the discursive representations of gender identities in Turkish media is extended to be the part of Turkish identity and culture. Turkish identity and culture transforms according to the political and social developments, therefore the womens representations could not be thought independent from these changes. This reseach has provided a cultural-political reading of womens representation in Turkish Cinema from 1980’s until present. The study endeavoured to investigate the relationship between cinematic representations of gender roles in Turkey by focusing on how gender roles attached to women has been shaped by the social and political changes as well as the cinematic representations. The research has tried to find out the following: How did women in Turkish Cinema was represented from the 1980s until present; how did Turkish Cinema represented gender roles and identities and Turkish women in specific; how has the social changes in Turkey from 1980’s onwards reflected on representations of gender roles attached to women in Turkish Cinema; have the representations of women in Turkish Cinema mirrored the society, were the representations constructions of cultural reality; were the representations within cinema a political tool for reproducing social relations of power and therefore legitimizing status-quo; does it reflect patriarchal gender relations or does it help to reproduce and/ or legitimize or problematize those relations; were there any similarities or differences between male/ female directors in terms of covering women’s issues and by taking up the arguments ‘identities being dynamic and identities being discursively constructed/ re-constructed’ the research tried to explore how did the gender roles attached to women in Turkish Cinema and the changes within is constructed within the film’s narratives and discourses.