Publication: XVIII. yüzyıl fetva mecmuaları ışığında Osmanlı'da aile hukuku
Abstract
Çalışmamızda XVIII. yüzyılın önemli fetva kitaplarından olan Fetâvâ-yı Feyziyye, Behcetü’l-fetâvâ ve Netîcetü’l-fetâvâ adlı eserlerin aile hukuku kısımları incelenmiştir. Bu eserler Osmanlı Fetvahanesi tarafından muteber kabul edildiği ifade edilen mecmualar içerisinde yer alıp hem kendi dönemine hem de sonraki dönem eserlerine kaynaklık etmiştir.Bu çalışmada aile hukuku başlığı altında nikâh, radâ’, talâk konularındaki fetvaların Osmanlı toplumundaki uygulanışı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Klasik fıkıh kitaplarından yararlanılarak hükümlerin, şart ve durumlara göre nasıl yorumlandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, dönemin sosyolojisinin ve aile yaşantısının fetvalara yansıyan kısımları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. XVIII. yüzyıl Osmanlı halkının din ile olan ilişkisi, örf ve gelenekleri, evlilik ve boşanma süreçleri, kadın ve erkeklerin bu süreçteki rolleri, nikâh ve talâk sonrası mali yükümlülükleri gibi hususlar, danışılan meseleler üzerinden çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmamızda, literatür incelemesi ve karşılaştırmalar yapılıp fetvalar yorumlanarak ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın, İslam aile hukuku ve Osmanlı tarihi üzerine yapılan çalışmalara ışık tutucu bir kaynak olması amaçlanmaktadır.
In our study one of the most significant fatwa books in 18 th century Fatawa-yı Feyziyye, Behcetü’l-fatawa and Neticetü’l-fatawa were investigated in the matter of family law. These books were recognised and highlighted by Ottoman Fatwa house at all times and they have always been used as references since their publications.In this work, examples about the application of fatwas given in family law in terms of marriage, lactation and divorce will be given. The comparison between classic Islamic law books and the fatwa books will be done according to the decision given for the case and the dependence of the fatwa to the conditions and situations. Besides, the sociology of that period and family life at that time will be pointed using the fatwas. Customs and traditions, marriage and divorce, the roles of women and men in family, financial obligations after marriage and divorce and, the relation of people with religion in 18 th century Ottoman Empire will be discussed based on the fatwas given for the cases. Literature review and the comparison between books will be conducted with hermeneutic method in this thesis. It is aimed to produce a kind of light source for Islamic family law and Ottoman history.
In our study one of the most significant fatwa books in 18 th century Fatawa-yı Feyziyye, Behcetü’l-fatawa and Neticetü’l-fatawa were investigated in the matter of family law. These books were recognised and highlighted by Ottoman Fatwa house at all times and they have always been used as references since their publications.In this work, examples about the application of fatwas given in family law in terms of marriage, lactation and divorce will be given. The comparison between classic Islamic law books and the fatwa books will be done according to the decision given for the case and the dependence of the fatwa to the conditions and situations. Besides, the sociology of that period and family life at that time will be pointed using the fatwas. Customs and traditions, marriage and divorce, the roles of women and men in family, financial obligations after marriage and divorce and, the relation of people with religion in 18 th century Ottoman Empire will be discussed based on the fatwas given for the cases. Literature review and the comparison between books will be conducted with hermeneutic method in this thesis. It is aimed to produce a kind of light source for Islamic family law and Ottoman history.