Publication: Farklı unilateral squat egzersizlerin biyomekanik açıdan karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, unilateral squat egzersizleri sırasında ayak bileği, diz ve kalça eklemlerinde oluşan moment, açı, hareket aralığı ve reaksiyon kuvvetlerini araştırmaktır. Ayrıca çalışmamızda unilateral squat egzersizleri sırasında ayak tabanında oluşan plantar basınç değerleri ve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetleri de değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde eğitim gören 18-25 yaş aralığındaki 15 erkek gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan altı farklı unilateral squat egzersizini (1-Makas adım çömelme [MAÇ], 2-Arka ayak yükseltilmiş çömelme [AAYÇ], 3-Askıda tek bacak çömelme [ATBÇ], 4-Tek bacak çömelme [TBÇ], 5-Tek bacak yana çömelme [TBYÇ], 6-Kutudan tek bacak geriye inerek çömelme [KTBGİÇ]) baskın ekstremiteleri basınç haritalama platformu üzerinde olacak şekilde yapmaları istenilmiştir. Katılımcılar egzersizler sırasında kendi vücut ağırlıklarının yaklaşık %11-12,5’una denk gelen halter ekipmanı taşımıştır. Egzersizler sırasında baskın bacakta oluşan kinematik veriler kamera görüntüleriyle, kinetik veriler ise basınç haritalama platformu aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırmamızda her bir katılımcı altı farklı unilateral squat egzersizini 3 tekrarlı olarak yapmış ve her bir egzersize ait kinetik ve kinematik veriler bu üç tekrarın ortalaması alınarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: TBÇ ve KTBGİÇ egzersizleri sırasında diğer egzersizlerden anlamlı olarak daha büyük zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetleri oluşmuştur (p<0,05). TBYÇ egzersizi sırasında diğer egzersizlerden anlamlı olarak daha düşük zirve plantar basınç değerleri görülmüştür (p<0,05). Ayak bileği zirve plantar fleksör moment değerleri anlamlı olarak en büyük KTBGİÇ egzersizinde, diz ekstansör moment değerleri anlamlı olarak en büyük TBÇ egzersizinde ölçülmüştür (p<0,05). MAÇ egzersizi sırasında AAYÇ, ATBÇ, TBÇ, TBYÇ egzersizlerinden anlamlı olarak daha büyük zirve kalça ekstansör moment değerleri saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, ayak bileği plantar fleksör kasları için etkinliği en fazla olan egzersizin KTBGİÇ, etkinliği en az olan egzersizin ise MAÇ egzersizi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diz ekstansör kasları için en etkin egzersizin TBÇ egzersizi olduğu bulunmuştur. Kalça ekstansör kasları için MAÇ egzersizinin AAYÇ, ATBÇ, TBÇ ve TBYÇ egzersizlerine göre daha etkin bir egzersiz olduğu ve TBÇ egzersizinin diğer egzersizlere göre etkinliğinin daha az olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bilgiler kuvvet artırımı veya rehabilitasyon hedeflerine uygun unilateral squat egzersizlerinin seçiminde klinisyen ve antrenörlere rehberlik edecektir.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the moment, angle, range of motion and reaction forces occurring in the ankle, knee and hip joints during unilateral squat exercises. In addition, in our study, plantar pressure values and vertical ground reaction forces occurring on the sole of the foot during unilateral squat exercises were also evaluated. Material and Methods: Fifteen male volunteers aged between 18-25, studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences, participated in the study. Participants were asked to perform six different unilateral squat exercises (1-Split squat [SS], 2-Bulgarian split squat [BSS], 3-Trx single leg squat [TSLS], 4-Single leg squat [SLS], 5-Side squat [SDS], 6-Step down reverse squat [SDRS]) with their dominant extremities on the pressure mapping plate. Participants carried weightlifting equipment equivalent to approximately 11-12.5% of their body weight during the exercises. Kinematic data on the dominant leg during the exercises was obtained through camera images and kinetic data was obtained through the pressure mapping plate. In our research, each participant performed six different unilateral squat exercises in 3 repetitions and the kinetic and kinematic data of each exercise were calculated by taking the average of these three repetitions. Results: Significantly greater peak vertical ground reaction forces occurred during SLS and SDRS exercises than in the other exercises (p<0.05). Significantly lower peak plantar pressure values were observed in SDS exercise compared to other exercises (p<0.05). Ankle peak plantar flexor moment values were significantly greatest in the SDRS exercise and knee extensor moment values were significantly measured in the greatest SLS exercise (p<0.05). Significantly greater peak hip extensor moment values were determined during the SS exercise than in the BSS, TSLS, SLS, SDS exercises. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it was determined that the most effective exercise for the ankle plantar flexor muscles was SLRS and the least effective exercise was SS exercise. It has been found that the most effective exercise for the knee extensor muscles is the SLS exercise. It has been determined that SS exercise is a more effective exercise for hip extensor muscles than BSS, TSLS, SLS and SDS exercises and that SLS exercise is less effective than other exercises. This information will guide clinicians and coaches in selecting unilateral squat exercises appropriate for strength increase or rehabilitation goals.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the moment, angle, range of motion and reaction forces occurring in the ankle, knee and hip joints during unilateral squat exercises. In addition, in our study, plantar pressure values and vertical ground reaction forces occurring on the sole of the foot during unilateral squat exercises were also evaluated. Material and Methods: Fifteen male volunteers aged between 18-25, studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences, participated in the study. Participants were asked to perform six different unilateral squat exercises (1-Split squat [SS], 2-Bulgarian split squat [BSS], 3-Trx single leg squat [TSLS], 4-Single leg squat [SLS], 5-Side squat [SDS], 6-Step down reverse squat [SDRS]) with their dominant extremities on the pressure mapping plate. Participants carried weightlifting equipment equivalent to approximately 11-12.5% of their body weight during the exercises. Kinematic data on the dominant leg during the exercises was obtained through camera images and kinetic data was obtained through the pressure mapping plate. In our research, each participant performed six different unilateral squat exercises in 3 repetitions and the kinetic and kinematic data of each exercise were calculated by taking the average of these three repetitions. Results: Significantly greater peak vertical ground reaction forces occurred during SLS and SDRS exercises than in the other exercises (p<0.05). Significantly lower peak plantar pressure values were observed in SDS exercise compared to other exercises (p<0.05). Ankle peak plantar flexor moment values were significantly greatest in the SDRS exercise and knee extensor moment values were significantly measured in the greatest SLS exercise (p<0.05). Significantly greater peak hip extensor moment values were determined during the SS exercise than in the BSS, TSLS, SLS, SDS exercises. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it was determined that the most effective exercise for the ankle plantar flexor muscles was SLRS and the least effective exercise was SS exercise. It has been found that the most effective exercise for the knee extensor muscles is the SLS exercise. It has been determined that SS exercise is a more effective exercise for hip extensor muscles than BSS, TSLS, SLS and SDS exercises and that SLS exercise is less effective than other exercises. This information will guide clinicians and coaches in selecting unilateral squat exercises appropriate for strength increase or rehabilitation goals.
Description
Keywords
Beden eğitimi ve antrenman, Egzersiz, eklem momenti Unilateral squat, Exercise, Fizyolojik yönler, ground reaction force, joint moment, Kuvvet antrenmanı, Physical education and training, Physiological aspects, plantar basınç, plantar pressure, Strenght Training, Unilateral squat, yer reaksiyon kuvveti