Publication: Sâlim b. Abdullah ve hadis ilmindeki yeri
Abstract
Hicrî I. yüzyılın sonları ve II. yüzyılın başlarına tekabül eden dönem, pek çok açıdan oldukça kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Zira bu dönem, siyasi ve fikrî ayrılıkların yaşandığı ve İslâmî ilimlerin teşekkül etmeye başladığı bir dönem olmasının yanında, özel olarak Hadis ilmiyle alakalı pek çok önemli gelişmelerin de yaşandığı bir dönemdir. “Tâbiîn devri” olarak bilinen bu dönemin öne çıkan âlimlerinden biri de Sâlim b. Abdullah b. Ömer’dir (ö. 106/ 725). İslâm Devleti’nin üçüncü halifesi Ömer b. el-Hattâb’ın torunu, meşhur sahâbî Abdullah b. Ömer’in oğlu olması dolayısıyla toplum meselelerinden haberdar olmuş, ailedeki ilmi tevarüs etmiş, ilme olan merakının da katkısıyla pek çok ilim dalında söz sahibi olacak kadar yetkinlik kazanmıştır. En çok hadis rivayet eden sahâbîlerden biri olan babasının en yakın talebesi olarak hadis ilminde devrinin öne çıkan isimlerinden biri olmuş, “silsiletü’z-zeheb/ altın sened” denilen ve hadis rivayetinde sıhhat bakımından en üst düzeyde görülen isnad zincirlerinden birinin ravisi olarak görülmüştür. Çok hadis nakletmesinin yanı sıra düzenlediği ilim meclisinde kendi devrinde ortaya çıkan yeni sorunlara çözüm bulmaya gayret etmiş, “Medine’nin en önemli yedi fakihinden biri” şeklinde değerlendirilerek fıkıh ilminde devrinin öne çıkan isimlerinden biri olmuştur. Hem halkın hem yöneticilerin kendisine danıştığı saygın bir konumda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada tâbiîn döneminin seçkin ve çok yönlü bir âlimi olarak Sâlim b. Abdullah’ın hayatı ve ilmî kişiliği ele alınmış, bilhassa hadis ilminde sahip olduğu mevki merkeze alınarak, rivayet ettiği hadislerin çeşitli açılardan nitelikleri ve hadis rivayet metotları tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra fıkhî görüşleri analiz edilmiş ve hadis bilgisinin fıkhına ne derece etki ettiği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece Sâlim b. Abdullah’ı kendi döneminde öne çıkaran vasıfların neler olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
The period which corresponds to the end of the hijri I. century and the beginning of the II. century, has a critical importance in many respects. Because this period is a period in which political and intellectual differences were experienced and Islamic sciences began to form, as well as many important developments related to the science of Hadith in particular. One of the prominent scholars of this period, known as the “Tābi’in (successors) era”, is Sālim ibn Abd-Allah b. Umar (d. 106/ 725). He is the grandson of Umar b. al-Khattab, who third caliph of the Islamic State, and the son of famous companion Abd-Allah b. Umar. Thus, he became aware of social issues, inherited the knowledge in the family, and with the contribution of his interest in science, he gained enough competence to have a say in many branches of science. As the closest student of his father, who was one of the companions who narrated the most hadiths, he became one of the prominent names of his era in the science of hadith, and was seen as the narrator of one of the chains of isnad, which is called “Hadith al-Silsilah al-Dhahab/ Hadith of the Golden Chain” and seen at the highest level in terms of soundness in the hadith transmission. In addition to transmitting many hadiths, he tried to find solutions to the new problems that arose in his time in the scientific assembly he organized, and was evaluated as “one of the seven most important jurists (fuqahā) of Medina” and became one of the prominent names of his time in the science of fiqh. He was in a respectable position where both the public and the administrators consulted him. In this study, as a distinguished and versatile scholar of the Tābi’in period, Sālim ibn Abd-Allah’s life and scientific personality were discussed, and the characteristics of the hadiths he narrated from various aspects and hadith transmission methods were determined, especially by focusing on his position in the science of hadith. In addition to this, his views on fiqh were analyzed and it was tried to determine to what extent the knowledge of hadith affects his fiqh. Thus, it is aimed to determine what are the features that make Sālim ibn Abd-Allah stand out in his own period.
The period which corresponds to the end of the hijri I. century and the beginning of the II. century, has a critical importance in many respects. Because this period is a period in which political and intellectual differences were experienced and Islamic sciences began to form, as well as many important developments related to the science of Hadith in particular. One of the prominent scholars of this period, known as the “Tābi’in (successors) era”, is Sālim ibn Abd-Allah b. Umar (d. 106/ 725). He is the grandson of Umar b. al-Khattab, who third caliph of the Islamic State, and the son of famous companion Abd-Allah b. Umar. Thus, he became aware of social issues, inherited the knowledge in the family, and with the contribution of his interest in science, he gained enough competence to have a say in many branches of science. As the closest student of his father, who was one of the companions who narrated the most hadiths, he became one of the prominent names of his era in the science of hadith, and was seen as the narrator of one of the chains of isnad, which is called “Hadith al-Silsilah al-Dhahab/ Hadith of the Golden Chain” and seen at the highest level in terms of soundness in the hadith transmission. In addition to transmitting many hadiths, he tried to find solutions to the new problems that arose in his time in the scientific assembly he organized, and was evaluated as “one of the seven most important jurists (fuqahā) of Medina” and became one of the prominent names of his time in the science of fiqh. He was in a respectable position where both the public and the administrators consulted him. In this study, as a distinguished and versatile scholar of the Tābi’in period, Sālim ibn Abd-Allah’s life and scientific personality were discussed, and the characteristics of the hadiths he narrated from various aspects and hadith transmission methods were determined, especially by focusing on his position in the science of hadith. In addition to this, his views on fiqh were analyzed and it was tried to determine to what extent the knowledge of hadith affects his fiqh. Thus, it is aimed to determine what are the features that make Sālim ibn Abd-Allah stand out in his own period.