Publication: Mâverdî'nin En-Nüket Ve'l-Uyûn adlı tefsirinde esbâb-ı nüzul
Abstract
Müfessirler tarih boyunca Kur’ân’ı Kerîm’i anlama ve yorumlama faaliyetinde Kur’ân ilimlerinden istifade etmişlerdir. Mâmâfih söz konusu ilimler içerisinde, iniş sebeplerini inceleyerek ayetlerden kasdedilen mananın doğru bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağladığı için önemli bir mevkisi bulunan esbâb-ı nüzul ilmi, tefsirlerde sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Ancak son dönem akademik araştırmalarda birçok tefsir, Kur’ân ilimleri açısından değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuş olmasına rağmen Ebu'l-Hasen el-Mâverdî (v. 450/ 1058)'nin en-Nüket ve'l-uyûn adlı tefsirinde esbâb-ı nüzulün incelenmediği mülahaza edilmiştir. Hâlbuki en-Nüket ve'l-uyûn adlı tefsirde yoğun olarak kullanılan bu ilmin ana hatlarıyla değerlendirilmesi, müfessirin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.Bu minvalde bir giriş ve iki ana bölümden müteşekkil çalışmamızın giriş kısmında araştırmanın konusu, yöntemi, amacı ve önemi hakında bilgi verdik. İlk bölümde Mâverdî'nin hayatı ve eserlerini tanıttık. Müteakiben müfessirin esbâb-ı nüzul rivayetlerini sunuş şeklini inceledik. İkinci bölümde ise ilk olarak en-Nüket’in esbâb-ı nüzul kaynaklarını ve onun etkilerini araştırdık. Daha sonra müfessirin esbâb-ı nüzul rivayetlerini kullanma yöntemini ele aldık. Mâverdî’nin esbâb-ı nüzul rivayetlerini, genellikle bir değerlendirme yapmadan tasnifli bir şekilde nakletme yöntemini izlediğini gördük.
The commentators have tapped into the qur'anic sciences in their activities of understanding and commenting The Qur'an throughout history. Nevertheless, the science of the occasions of revelation (asbab al-nuzul) which is one of the aforementioned sciences and has a important place in the qur'anic exegesis science to provide understanding properly the meanings refered of the Qur'an by investigating the occasions of revelation, has been used frequently in the qur'anic exegesis books. But it has been considered that Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi's (d.450/ 1058) qur'anic exegesis named al-Nukat wa'l-uyun has not been researched with regards to the occasions of revelation, although many exegesis books have been investigated in terms of the different qur'anic sciences. In fact the evaluating this qur'anic science which has been used intensely in al-Nukat wa'l-uyun, will contribute to understand the commentator of it.Within this direction, we have gone around the theme, method, purpose and importance of the research in the introduction section of our study which has a introduction and two parts, also have introduced Mawardi's life and works. After that the commentator's life, books and method in presenting the narrations of the revelatory occasions has been investigated in the first part as the sources of al-Nuket and the commentator's impacts on his successors have been discussed firstly and secondly the method of Mawardi in using the occasions of revelation has been touched on in the second part. To sum up briefly, the research has resulted that al-Mawardi has generally narrated the occasions of revelation by classifying them without evaluation.
The commentators have tapped into the qur'anic sciences in their activities of understanding and commenting The Qur'an throughout history. Nevertheless, the science of the occasions of revelation (asbab al-nuzul) which is one of the aforementioned sciences and has a important place in the qur'anic exegesis science to provide understanding properly the meanings refered of the Qur'an by investigating the occasions of revelation, has been used frequently in the qur'anic exegesis books. But it has been considered that Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi's (d.450/ 1058) qur'anic exegesis named al-Nukat wa'l-uyun has not been researched with regards to the occasions of revelation, although many exegesis books have been investigated in terms of the different qur'anic sciences. In fact the evaluating this qur'anic science which has been used intensely in al-Nukat wa'l-uyun, will contribute to understand the commentator of it.Within this direction, we have gone around the theme, method, purpose and importance of the research in the introduction section of our study which has a introduction and two parts, also have introduced Mawardi's life and works. After that the commentator's life, books and method in presenting the narrations of the revelatory occasions has been investigated in the first part as the sources of al-Nuket and the commentator's impacts on his successors have been discussed firstly and secondly the method of Mawardi in using the occasions of revelation has been touched on in the second part. To sum up briefly, the research has resulted that al-Mawardi has generally narrated the occasions of revelation by classifying them without evaluation.