Publication: Görme engelli ergenlerin saptanan gereksinimlerine yönelik geliştirilen eğitim programının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, görme engelli ergenlerin iletişim becerileri, ergenlik döneminde değişim ve cinsel gelişim, sorun çözme, stresle baş etme yöntemlerine ilişkin belirlenen gereksinimlerine yönelik bir eğitim geliştirmek ve bu eğitimin etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın evrenini bir görme engelliler ilköğretim okulunun 6.,7.,8., sınıfına devam eden öğrenciler (n=113), örneklemini “basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi” ile seçilen öğrenciler (20 kişi deney, 20 kişi kontrol) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada sosyodemografik özelliklere ilişkin veriler «Bilgi Formu», eğitimin etkinliğine ilişkin veriler «Ön test-Son test» ve “Gözlem Listesi” ile eğitime başlamadan önce, eğitim bittikten sonra ve kontrol amacıyla da bir ay sonra tekrarlanarak toplanmıştır. Eğitim öncesi ve kontrollerin yapıldığı bir ay sonraya kadar gözlem listeleri haftalık olarak hem araştırmacı hem de grup yönetici yardımcısı tarafından uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada deney grubuna 8 oturumluk eğitim grup çalışması biçiminde, haftada bir gün 45’er dakikalık iki bölümde uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri bilgisayar ortamında değerlendirilmiştir. Demografik özellikler ve ailesel veriler frekans dağılımı ve ki-kare testi, ön test Spearman korelasyon analizi, eğitimin etkinliği ise Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi, Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, deney grubundaki ergenlere uygulanan eğitimin etkinliğine bakıldığında, ön test ile son test (z=-3.93, p=0.000), ön test ile bir ay sonraki kontroller arasındaki farkın ileri derecede anlamlı (z=-3.92, p=0.001) olduğu, son test ile bir ay sonraki kontroller arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı (z=-0.97, p=0.329) belirlenmiştir. Deney grubundaki ergenlere verilen eğitimin gözlem listesindeki davranışlar üzerinde olumlu biçimde etkili olduğu, eğitim öncesi ile eğitim sonrası ve bir ay sonraki kontrollerden alınan puanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlı (x²=5.97, p=0.001 ) farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir.
This experimental study was carried out with the intention of devaloping an educational program concerning the determined needs of blind adolescents related to developmental changes and social development during adolescence period, stress coping methods, problem solving and communication skills. The universe of the study were all the students of 6th,7th and 8th degree of a primary school for blinds (n=113) and the sample of the study were the students chosen by using “simple random sampling technique”(20 for experiment and 20 for control). Data was collected with information form and pre-test before the education started, with post-test after the education process and by reapplying post-test one month later for controlling. Observation Lists were applied weekly by guidance counselor, who was also the group’s vice-director, and by the researcher, based on evaluation criterions of observation list, from start of education process till one month later from the education process when controls were applied. In the research, educational program was subjected to experiment group once in a week with two sections of 45 minutes in a total of 8 sessions. Data was evaluated by using computer. Frequency distribution and x2 test were used for evaluating demographic attributes and parental data, Spearman correlation analysis was used for evaluating pre-test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for evaluating effectiveness of education. According to the results of the study, the results of the effectiveness of the education that is subjected to experiment group was found as follows: the difference between pre-test and post-test (z=-3.93, p=0.000); the difference between pre-test and control test which was applied one month later from post-test was statistically significant (z=-3.92, p=0.001), was found no significant difference between post-test and control test one month later from post-test (z=-0.97, p=0.329). It was also found that the education that was subjected to adolescents in experiment group had positive effects on behaviors on observation list and there was a statistically significant difference between the scores that had been obtained after post-test and after control test (x2=5.97, p=0.001). This study concluded that the knowledge level of the adolescents in the experiment group increased, they gained skills. These skills were observed in the experiment group behaviors, while on the other hand no cognitive and behavioral changes could be observed in the control group.
This experimental study was carried out with the intention of devaloping an educational program concerning the determined needs of blind adolescents related to developmental changes and social development during adolescence period, stress coping methods, problem solving and communication skills. The universe of the study were all the students of 6th,7th and 8th degree of a primary school for blinds (n=113) and the sample of the study were the students chosen by using “simple random sampling technique”(20 for experiment and 20 for control). Data was collected with information form and pre-test before the education started, with post-test after the education process and by reapplying post-test one month later for controlling. Observation Lists were applied weekly by guidance counselor, who was also the group’s vice-director, and by the researcher, based on evaluation criterions of observation list, from start of education process till one month later from the education process when controls were applied. In the research, educational program was subjected to experiment group once in a week with two sections of 45 minutes in a total of 8 sessions. Data was evaluated by using computer. Frequency distribution and x2 test were used for evaluating demographic attributes and parental data, Spearman correlation analysis was used for evaluating pre-test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Friedman test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for evaluating effectiveness of education. According to the results of the study, the results of the effectiveness of the education that is subjected to experiment group was found as follows: the difference between pre-test and post-test (z=-3.93, p=0.000); the difference between pre-test and control test which was applied one month later from post-test was statistically significant (z=-3.92, p=0.001), was found no significant difference between post-test and control test one month later from post-test (z=-0.97, p=0.329). It was also found that the education that was subjected to adolescents in experiment group had positive effects on behaviors on observation list and there was a statistically significant difference between the scores that had been obtained after post-test and after control test (x2=5.97, p=0.001). This study concluded that the knowledge level of the adolescents in the experiment group increased, they gained skills. These skills were observed in the experiment group behaviors, while on the other hand no cognitive and behavioral changes could be observed in the control group.