Publication: Uluslaşma sürecinde Türk dil politikaları (1839-1950)
Abstract
ULUSLAŞMA SÜRECİNDE TÜRK DİL POLİTİKALARI (1839-1950) Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de 1839-1950 arasındaki dönemde dil ile ulusçuluk arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya koyma girişimidir. Dilin her şeyden önce iletişimi sağlayan sembolik bir sistem olduğu çok açıktır. Ancak bu fonksiyona ilave olarak dil, kolektif kimlikle ve ulusçulukla yakından ilgilidir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de dil ile ulusçuluk arasındaki ilişkide üç farklı baskın eğilimin varlığını iddia etmektedir. İlk olarak 19. yüzyılda ayrılıkçı hareketlerden endişe eden siyasal elitler, dili bir devlet politikası aracı olarak kullanmak istediler. Öte yandan toplumsal, yönetsel ve eğitim sistemiyle ilgili reformlar Osmanlı Türkçesi'nin sadeleştirilmesini zorunlu kıldı. İkinci eğilim, Jön Türk kuşağı tarafından yaratılan dil Türkçülüğüdür. Osmanlıca'nın sadeleştirilmesine yapılan vurgu, Türk ulusçuluğunda yeni bir çığır açtı. Siyasal etkilerle bazı Türk aydınları yeni bir bütünleşme modeli aramaya başladı ve Türkçe konuşan dil topluluğunu keşfetti. Ancak bu model, resmî Osmanlıcılığı benimseyen yönetim tarafından desteklenmedi. Üçüncü eğilim, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından benimsenen dilsel Türkleştirmedir. Bu süreçte Türk dili, Türkçe konuşmayan dil topluluklarına yaygınlaştırıldı ve yabancı sözcükler atılarak dil özleştirildi. Bununla birlikte Kemalist ideoloji açısından Türk dil devrimi, sadece ulus inşasıyla değil; aynı zamanda çağdaş Türkiye'nin kültürel gelişimiyle de yakından ilgiliydi.
TURKISH LANGUAGE POLICIES IN THE PROCESS OF NATION-BUILDING (1839-1950) This study is an attempt to explain the link between language and nationalism in Turkey from 1839 to1950. It is clear that language is a symbolic system which enables communication. However in addition to this function, language is closely related with collective identity and nationalism. This study claims that there are three different dominant tendencies between nationalism and language policies in Turkey. Firstly, in the nineteenth century political elites who worried about separative actions prefered to use Turkish language as a tool of government policy. On the other hand, the reforms of the social, administrative and educational system resulted in simplification of Ottoman Turkish. Second tendency is linguistic Turkism that was created by Jon Turk generation. The emphasis on the simplification of Ottoman language opened a new era in Turkish nationalism. With political effects, some Turkish intellectuals looked for a new integration model and invented the language community who speak Turkish. But this model wasn't supported by the government adopted official Ottomanism. Third tendency is the linguistic Turkification that was adopted by Republic of Turkey. In this period Turkish language was spread over the non-Turkish language communities as a national language and purified by eliminating foreign words. However for Kemalist ideology Turkish language reform was not only deal with nation-building, but also closely connected with the cultural development of comtemporary Turkey.
TURKISH LANGUAGE POLICIES IN THE PROCESS OF NATION-BUILDING (1839-1950) This study is an attempt to explain the link between language and nationalism in Turkey from 1839 to1950. It is clear that language is a symbolic system which enables communication. However in addition to this function, language is closely related with collective identity and nationalism. This study claims that there are three different dominant tendencies between nationalism and language policies in Turkey. Firstly, in the nineteenth century political elites who worried about separative actions prefered to use Turkish language as a tool of government policy. On the other hand, the reforms of the social, administrative and educational system resulted in simplification of Ottoman Turkish. Second tendency is linguistic Turkism that was created by Jon Turk generation. The emphasis on the simplification of Ottoman language opened a new era in Turkish nationalism. With political effects, some Turkish intellectuals looked for a new integration model and invented the language community who speak Turkish. But this model wasn't supported by the government adopted official Ottomanism. Third tendency is the linguistic Turkification that was adopted by Republic of Turkey. In this period Turkish language was spread over the non-Turkish language communities as a national language and purified by eliminating foreign words. However for Kemalist ideology Turkish language reform was not only deal with nation-building, but also closely connected with the cultural development of comtemporary Turkey.