Publication: Muhammed Esed’in Kur’an mesajı isimli tefsirindeki metodu
Abstract
İlahi kelamı bütün dil ve anlam inceliklerini yansıtarak başka bir dile çevirmenin zorluğu ve hatta imkansızlığı bilinen bir gerçektir. Yapılan çeviriler de zaten Kur’an’ın ilk muhataplarının zihninde uyanan manasını aynıyla yansıtma değil ancak ona belli ölçüde yaklaşma gayreti içindedirler. Uzun yıllar önce gayrimüslim bir gözlemci, sonra bizzat müslüman olarak İslam dünyasını gezmiş ve bu kültürü özümsemiş olan Esed de hayatını özellikle Batılı insana Kur’an’ı hakkıyla tanıtacak bir çeviri bulunmamasından duyduğu eksiklik hissiyle, Kur’an Mesajı adlı eseri yazmaya hasretmiştir. Bu çalışmada Muhammed Esed’in farklı ve özgün bir bakış açısıyla kaleme aldığı Kur’an Mesajı, gaye, metod, genel özellikler ve tefsir usulü açısından incelenmiştir. Esed’in birçok meselede oldukça akılcı görünen bakış açısı gerek Kur’an ilimleri, gerek İslâmî disiplinlerle ilgili görüşlerinde özellikle vurgulanmış, müteşabihat ve îcaz konusundaki yorumları, gayb alanıyla ilgili görüşleriyle bağlantılandırılarak ortaya konulmuştur. Eserin bazen aşırıya da kaçabilen yorumlarının özellikle yaradılışa dair anlatımlar, peygamberlerin mucizeleri, şefaat gibi konularda yoğunlaştığı, bazı tarihî kıssaların Kur’an’ın evrensel mesajına yapılması gereken vurguyu ortadan kaldırdığı gerekçesiyle yok sayılıp temsilî anlatımlar olarak görülmesi gibi özelliklerine dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde Esed’in hayatı ve eserleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde, Kur’an Mesajı’nın yazılış gayesiyle metodu işlenmiştir. Metoda dair olarak da üslup farkları, bütünsellik ilkesi, evrensel mesaja yaptığı vurgu, anlam akışı içinde bir kelimeye farklı manalar verilmesi ve eksiltili ifadelerin uygun kelime yahut ibarelerle desteklenmesi gibi özellikle tefsirinin farklılık arzeden yönleri incelenmiştir. Tefsir usulü açısından eserin incelenmesi ise üçüncü bölümü oluşturmaktadır. Burada özellikle, muhkem-müteşabih, teşbih, temsil, îcaz gibi Esed’de farklılaşarak öne çıkan çıkan başlıklar incelenmiştir. Esed’in ayetlere fıkıh, kelâm, sosyoloji ve felsefe gibi farklı ilimlerin perspektifleriyle yaklaşması da dördüncü bölümde ele alınmış ve ayetlere getirdiği açıklamalarla örneklenerek incelenmiştir.
It is a very-well known fact that the translation of a sacred text into another language reflecting all its linguistic and connotative nuances is very hard job and even impossible. The translations at hand are only a trying to get its meaning to a certain extent rather than to reflect its real meaning in the minds of first encounters of this sacred text. Muhammad Esed who has many years traveled in the Muslim lands as a non-Muslim and made sensitive descriptions about the Muslim world and culture later as a Muslim wrote his book titled “The Message of the Koran” especially for the Western world to give them the truth messages of the Koran in a more clear methods. In this study, we make analysis of the above-mentioned book of Esed within the Tefsir Methodology and in terms of his aim expected from and method used in this book. We emphasize in our study his very rationalistic approaches to the Koranic and Islamic sciences connecting them with his interpretations of mutashabihat and icaz and with his arguments on the gaybs. Esed in his book makes some exaggerations in the interpretation of especially the creation of mankind, the miracles of prophets, and the şefaat. Besides, he draws an attention to the representative narration of the stories that take place within the Koran otherwise for him these stories cause to the negation of universality of the messages of the Koran. The first section of our study presents the life and the works of Esed. In the second section, the aim and the methodology of the book are analyzed. As its methodology, we examine some of its distinguished and original sides such as the differentiations in the usages, the totality principle, the emphasis on the universality of its message, the differentiations of meaning according to context of the words, the propping up the incomplete expressions with the suitable words and sentences. The next section examines the book from the view point of Tefsir Methodology. Some subtopics that carry different meanings and original in this sense in the Esed’s usage are muhkem-mutashabih, teshbih (comparison), temsil (representation), and icaz. The thoughts and ideas of Esed of the Islamic sciences are analyzed in the fourth and the last section of the present study. We focus especially on his thoughts related with Kelam and Fiqh exemplifying with his interpretation of some verses of the Koran.
It is a very-well known fact that the translation of a sacred text into another language reflecting all its linguistic and connotative nuances is very hard job and even impossible. The translations at hand are only a trying to get its meaning to a certain extent rather than to reflect its real meaning in the minds of first encounters of this sacred text. Muhammad Esed who has many years traveled in the Muslim lands as a non-Muslim and made sensitive descriptions about the Muslim world and culture later as a Muslim wrote his book titled “The Message of the Koran” especially for the Western world to give them the truth messages of the Koran in a more clear methods. In this study, we make analysis of the above-mentioned book of Esed within the Tefsir Methodology and in terms of his aim expected from and method used in this book. We emphasize in our study his very rationalistic approaches to the Koranic and Islamic sciences connecting them with his interpretations of mutashabihat and icaz and with his arguments on the gaybs. Esed in his book makes some exaggerations in the interpretation of especially the creation of mankind, the miracles of prophets, and the şefaat. Besides, he draws an attention to the representative narration of the stories that take place within the Koran otherwise for him these stories cause to the negation of universality of the messages of the Koran. The first section of our study presents the life and the works of Esed. In the second section, the aim and the methodology of the book are analyzed. As its methodology, we examine some of its distinguished and original sides such as the differentiations in the usages, the totality principle, the emphasis on the universality of its message, the differentiations of meaning according to context of the words, the propping up the incomplete expressions with the suitable words and sentences. The next section examines the book from the view point of Tefsir Methodology. Some subtopics that carry different meanings and original in this sense in the Esed’s usage are muhkem-mutashabih, teshbih (comparison), temsil (representation), and icaz. The thoughts and ideas of Esed of the Islamic sciences are analyzed in the fourth and the last section of the present study. We focus especially on his thoughts related with Kelam and Fiqh exemplifying with his interpretation of some verses of the Koran.