Publication: Şâfiî mezhebinde bir istidlâl yöntemi olarak tahrîc
Abstract
Tahrîc, bir mezhebe bağlı kalarak hareket eden âlimin, kendi imamının usûl anlayışı ve fürû fıkha dair müktesebatını merkeze alarak fıkhî bilgi üretmeye yönelik faaliyeti olarak tanımlanabilir. Mezhep imamının ifadelerini açıklamak, yorumlamak, fıkhî meseleleri daha önce mezhep imamı tarafından hükme bağlanan meselelere kıyas etmek veya onun usûl ve kaideleri vasıtasıyla çözümler getirmek vb. pek çok işlem ilgili faaliyetin kapsamı altındadır. Tahrîc, mezhep imamlarının ilk talebelerinden başlayarak devam eden yüzyıllar boyunca mezhep içi hareketliliğin en etkin faaliyetlerinden biri olmuştur. Bu çalışma, tahrîcin Şâfiî mezhebindeki serüvenine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde Şâfiî’nin vefatından hicrî dördüncü asrın ortalarına kadar geçen sürede yaşamış olan Şâfiî fakihlerin günümüze intikal eden eserlerinden yola çıkılarak tahrîcin bir kavram olarak ortaya çıkışı, kazandığı anlamlar ve mahiyeti üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde tahrîcin tanımı, kısımları, kapsamı, meşruiyetine dair mezhep içi tartışmalar vb. konular ele alınarak tahrîce dair teorik bir çerçeve çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son bölümde ise tahrîcin meseleleri tefrî‘ etmek, Şâfiî’nin hükme bağladığı meselelerin asıl ve illetlerini tespit etmek, Şâfiî’ye muhalefet etmek ve aynı mesele hakkında birbiriyle çelişen görüşler beyan etmesinden kaynaklanan sorunları çözmek gibi bazı fonksiyonları incelenmiştir.
Takhrīj can be defined as the activity of a scholar who operates within a specific madhhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence), generating jurisprudential knowledge by centering on the understanding of usūl (legal theory) and the body of furūʿ al-fiqh (substantive law) established by the founder of their madhhab. Various operations fall within the scope of this activity, such as explaining and interpreting the texts of the madhhab's founder, drawing analogies between new jurisprudential issues and those previously adjudicated by the madhhab's founder, or developing solutions through the founder’s methodological principles and legal maxims. Takhrīj has been one of the most influential activities in intra-madhhab dynamics, continuing through centuries from the first students of the madhhab founders. This study focuses on the evolution of takhrīj within the Shāfiʿī madhhab. The study consists of three sections. The first section examines the emergence of takhrīj as a concept, its acquired meanings, and its nature, based on the extant works of Shāfiʿī jurists who lived from the time of Imam al-Shāfiʿī's death until the middle of the fourth century AH. The second section attempts to establish a theoretical framework for takhrīj by addressing topics such as its definition, categories, scope, and intra-madhhab debates regarding its legitimacy. The final section analyzes some functions of takhrīj, including deriving subsidiary issues (tafrīʿ), identifying the principles and legal rationales (ʿilal) of cases previously adjudicated by al-Shāfiʿī, addressing instances where scholars diverge from al-Shāfiʿī's positions, and resolving problems arising from seemingly contradictory opinions expressed by al-Shāfiʿī on the same issue.
Takhrīj can be defined as the activity of a scholar who operates within a specific madhhab (school of Islamic jurisprudence), generating jurisprudential knowledge by centering on the understanding of usūl (legal theory) and the body of furūʿ al-fiqh (substantive law) established by the founder of their madhhab. Various operations fall within the scope of this activity, such as explaining and interpreting the texts of the madhhab's founder, drawing analogies between new jurisprudential issues and those previously adjudicated by the madhhab's founder, or developing solutions through the founder’s methodological principles and legal maxims. Takhrīj has been one of the most influential activities in intra-madhhab dynamics, continuing through centuries from the first students of the madhhab founders. This study focuses on the evolution of takhrīj within the Shāfiʿī madhhab. The study consists of three sections. The first section examines the emergence of takhrīj as a concept, its acquired meanings, and its nature, based on the extant works of Shāfiʿī jurists who lived from the time of Imam al-Shāfiʿī's death until the middle of the fourth century AH. The second section attempts to establish a theoretical framework for takhrīj by addressing topics such as its definition, categories, scope, and intra-madhhab debates regarding its legitimacy. The final section analyzes some functions of takhrīj, including deriving subsidiary issues (tafrīʿ), identifying the principles and legal rationales (ʿilal) of cases previously adjudicated by al-Shāfiʿī, addressing instances where scholars diverge from al-Shāfiʿī's positions, and resolving problems arising from seemingly contradictory opinions expressed by al-Shāfiʿī on the same issue.