Publication: Structural and biofunctional characterization of plant mediated green synthesized metallic nanoparticles
Abstract
Nanopartiküller, geniş yüzey alanları ve yüksek reaktiviteleri sayesinde bitkilerde besin alımını iyileştirmek için geleneksel gübrelere karşı bir alternatif olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, demir oksit (Fe2O3), çinko (Zn) ve titanyum dioksit (TiO2) nanopartikülleri Laurus nobilis L. (defne yaprağı) ekstresi kullanılarak çevre dostu, biyouyumlu ve düşük maliyetli yeşil sentez yöntemiyle sentezlenmiştir. Nanopartiküllerin karakterizasyonu, Ultraviyole-Görünür spektroskopi (UV-Vis), Dinamik Işık Saçılımı (DLS), Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektroskopi (FTIR), X-Işını Kırınımı (XRD) ve Geçirimli Elektron Mikroskobu (TEM) analizleriyle gerçekleştirilmiş ve nano-boyutta başarılı bir sentez yapıldığı doğrulanmıştır. Nanopartikül ve defne yaprağı ekstresinden oluşan sentez komplekslerinin tarımsal kullanımına yönelik biyofonksiyonel etkileri, ayçiçeği bitkileri üzerinde; hidroponik sistemde kökten uygulama, in vitro kültür sisteminde tohuma uygulama ve tarla koşullarında yaprak spreyleme olmak üzere üç farklı yöntemle değerlendirilmiştir. TEM görüntüleme ve ICP-MS analizleri, nanopartiküllerin köklerden alınıp yapraklara kadar taşındığını göstermiştir. Bulgular, belirli nanopartikül konsantrasyonlarında ve uygulama yöntemlerinde ayçiçeği büyüme ve verim parametrelerinde önemli iyileşmeler sağlandığını, ancak daha yüksek dozlarda olumsuz etkilerin ortaya çıktığını göstermiştir. Bu durum, doz optimizasyonunun önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, bitkilerin doğal ortamlarında rizobakteriler ve patojenlerle etkileşim içinde olduğu göz önüne alınarak, nanopartiküllerin Fusarium oxysporum (bir bitki patojeni) ile Bacillus cereus ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bitki gelişimini teşvik eden rizobakteriler) üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, nanopartikül sentez kompleksinin F. oxysporum büyümesini 50 ppm’den itibaren yavaşlattığını, ancak B. cereus ve P. aeruginosa üzerinde 100 ppm’e kadar herhangi bir inhibe edici etki göstermediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, yeşil sentezlenen nanopartiküllerin uygun dozlarda ve koşullarda sürdürülebilir tarım için kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Nanoparticles, with their large surface area and high reactivity, offer a promising alternative to traditional fertilizers for improving nutrient uptake in plants. In this study, iron oxide (Fe2O3), zinc (Zn), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using Laurus nobilis (bay leaf) extract through an environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective green synthesis method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), confirming their nanoscale size and successful formation. After structural characterization, the biofunctionality of green-synthesized NPs as potential biofertilizers were assessed. NPs were applied to sunflower plants via three methods: (1) added to Hoagland medium to examine their effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses under a hydroponic system, (2) incorporated into semi-solid MS medium for in vitro seed germination, and (3) foliar application in field-grown plants to assess seed yield. TEM imaging and ICP-MS analysis demonstrated the uptake and translocation of nanoparticles from roots to leaves. Growth and yield parameters of sunflowers showed significant improvement at specific NP concentrations and application methods, while higher doses resulted in adverse effects, highlighting the importance of dosage optimization. Furthermore, recognizing the complexity of the plant growth environment, which includes interactions with rhizobacteria, a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effects of NPs on a plant pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum) and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) species, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed that the NP synthesis complex inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum at doses starting from 50 ppm, while no inhibitory effects on B. cereus or P. aeruginosa were observed up to 100 ppm. These findings demonstrate the potential of greensynthesized nanoparticles as biofertilizers, offering growth enhancement and pathogen suppression under optimized conditions, contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Nanoparticles, with their large surface area and high reactivity, offer a promising alternative to traditional fertilizers for improving nutrient uptake in plants. In this study, iron oxide (Fe2O3), zinc (Zn), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using Laurus nobilis (bay leaf) extract through an environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective green synthesis method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), confirming their nanoscale size and successful formation. After structural characterization, the biofunctionality of green-synthesized NPs as potential biofertilizers were assessed. NPs were applied to sunflower plants via three methods: (1) added to Hoagland medium to examine their effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses under a hydroponic system, (2) incorporated into semi-solid MS medium for in vitro seed germination, and (3) foliar application in field-grown plants to assess seed yield. TEM imaging and ICP-MS analysis demonstrated the uptake and translocation of nanoparticles from roots to leaves. Growth and yield parameters of sunflowers showed significant improvement at specific NP concentrations and application methods, while higher doses resulted in adverse effects, highlighting the importance of dosage optimization. Furthermore, recognizing the complexity of the plant growth environment, which includes interactions with rhizobacteria, a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effects of NPs on a plant pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum) and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) species, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed that the NP synthesis complex inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum at doses starting from 50 ppm, while no inhibitory effects on B. cereus or P. aeruginosa were observed up to 100 ppm. These findings demonstrate the potential of greensynthesized nanoparticles as biofertilizers, offering growth enhancement and pathogen suppression under optimized conditions, contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Description
Keywords
Ayçiçeği, Bioengineering, Bitki ile etkileşimli mikroorganizmalar, Biyomühendislik, Defne (Laurus nobilis L.) yaprağı ekstresi aracılı yeşil sentez, Laurus nobilis L. leaf extract mediated green synthesis, Metalik nanopartikül, Metallic nanoparticle, Nanofertilizer, Nanogübre, Plant associated microorganisms, Sunflower