Publication: Kur’an’da infak
Abstract
Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de “infâk” konusuna önemli bir yer verilmiş ve Allah (c.c.)’ın verdiği rızıklardan Allah yolunda harcama yapılması istenmiştir. İnfâk; malı, parayı vb. şeyleri hayır yolunda, muhtaç kimselere karşılıksız vererek yardım etmek demektir. Nafaka, ihsân, îtâ, atâ, tasadduk, zekât, hayır, karz-ı hasen, yardımlaşma ve cömertlik infâkla anlam yakınlığa olan diğer kavramlardır. Bu tezde Kur’ân’a göre “infâk” kavramı ele alınarak tefsir kaynaklarından incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tezimiz, giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır: Girişte; infâk kavramının ve anlam yakınlığı olan diğer kavramların anlamları verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde; infâka konu olan Kur’ânî nasslar ele alınmıştır. İnsan–Allah –eşya ilişkisi bağlamında fakirlik meselesi ve dolayısıyla infâka duyulan ihtiyaç ortaya konmuştur. Zorunlu ve gönüllü infâkın çeşitleri sayılmıştır. İnfâkın gayesi tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve engellerine dikkat çekilmiştir. İkinci bölümde; kimlerin infâk etmekle mükellef olduğu, kimlere – nerelere infâk edileceği ve infâk edilebilecek maddî – manevî nimetler sayılmıştır. İnfâkın makbul olabilmesi için uyulması gereken âdabı açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise; infâkın sonuçları ele alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Özetle şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: İnfâk, eğer Allah’ın Kur’ân’da açıkladığı ve istediği şekilde yerine getirilebilirse, fert ve toplum hayatında çok olumlu ve çok büyük etkiler yapmaktadır. İnfâk edenlere üstün bir ahlâk kazandırmaktadır. İnfâk edilen kimseleri muhtaçlıktan kurtarmakta ve fakirlik problemini kesinlikle çözmektedir. Toplumda zengin–fakir çatışmasını önlemekte ve sevgi ortamı oluşturmaktadır. İnsanları hem birbirlerine hem de Allah’a yaklaştırmaktadır. İnfâk edilmediğinde ise toplumun düzeni bozulmakta ve büyük tehlikeler ortaya çıkmaktadır. O halde insanlar, Allah’ın verdiği maddî ve manevî nimetleri yine Allah yolunda infâk etmelidir.
Spending has been given significant place in Koran and it has been requested that spending be made on God’s way from the food God has given. Spending means given goods, money etc. things in the way of Good by giving to those in need without waiting for any return and helping them. Charity, doing of good, giving to kith and kin, gift, giving alms, regular charity, good, beautiful loan, helping and generosity are the other notions that have similar meaning with spending. In this thesis the “spending” notion based on Koran has been taken at hand and an attempt has been made to examine it from sources of interpretation. In the introduction the meanings of spending and other notions that have close meaning have been given. In section one the Koran special qualities that are subject to spending have been taken at hand. The issue of neediness in the sense of Human-God-goods relation and thus the need for spending has been discussed. The types of mandatory and voluntary spending have been listed. The purpose of spending has been attempted to be established and attention was drawn to obstructions. In the second part who is obliged to spend, to whom - where spending should be made and material - non material blessings that could be spent were listed. For spending to be acceptable the manners that need to be followed were listed. In the third section the consequences of spending were taken at hand and evaluated. Spending, if it can be met the manner as God has explained in the Koran and desires makes great affects in the individual's and public life. It renders superior morals to those who spend. It saves the poor to whom the spending is done from destitute and definitely solves the problem of destitute. It prevents the wealthy-poor conflict in the society and forms a loving atmosphere. It brings people closer to both each other and to God. When spending is not made, on the other hand, the order of the society is disrupted and great hazards arise. Therefore people should spend the material and non-material prosperity that God has given in the way of God.
Spending has been given significant place in Koran and it has been requested that spending be made on God’s way from the food God has given. Spending means given goods, money etc. things in the way of Good by giving to those in need without waiting for any return and helping them. Charity, doing of good, giving to kith and kin, gift, giving alms, regular charity, good, beautiful loan, helping and generosity are the other notions that have similar meaning with spending. In this thesis the “spending” notion based on Koran has been taken at hand and an attempt has been made to examine it from sources of interpretation. In the introduction the meanings of spending and other notions that have close meaning have been given. In section one the Koran special qualities that are subject to spending have been taken at hand. The issue of neediness in the sense of Human-God-goods relation and thus the need for spending has been discussed. The types of mandatory and voluntary spending have been listed. The purpose of spending has been attempted to be established and attention was drawn to obstructions. In the second part who is obliged to spend, to whom - where spending should be made and material - non material blessings that could be spent were listed. For spending to be acceptable the manners that need to be followed were listed. In the third section the consequences of spending were taken at hand and evaluated. Spending, if it can be met the manner as God has explained in the Koran and desires makes great affects in the individual's and public life. It renders superior morals to those who spend. It saves the poor to whom the spending is done from destitute and definitely solves the problem of destitute. It prevents the wealthy-poor conflict in the society and forms a loving atmosphere. It brings people closer to both each other and to God. When spending is not made, on the other hand, the order of the society is disrupted and great hazards arise. Therefore people should spend the material and non-material prosperity that God has given in the way of God.