The effects of chronic pain on oral health related quality of life in patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic pain on oral health related quality of life (oral QoL) in patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (DDwR). Material and methods. Thirty-seven patients who had disc displacement with reduction (DDwR, F/M: 23/14, median age: 29, range: 23-49) were selected. These patients had chronic pain and had not been undergoing any treatment protocols for the previous six months. Age-and gender-matched healthy subjects healthy control, F/M: 23/14, mean age: 33.0 +/- 15.7 years) were used as a control group. Data were collected by means of a clinical examination and a questionnaire about pain status which included a jaw disability checklist RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders). Pain status was scored between 0 (no pain) and 10 (poor pain status) by the patients. Oral health related quality of life (oral QoL) over the previous six months was evaluated by an oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Results. OHIP-14 score was significantly higher in patients with DDwR (median: 17, min-max: 6-39) than healthy controls (9, 0-18) (p=0.000). The median duration of orofacial pain was 12 (range 7-120) months. Statistically significant correlations were observed between OHIP-14 score and the worst pain intensity in the past six months (7, 0-10) (r=0.5 p=0.007) and average pain intensity in the past six months (5.5, 1-10) (r=0.4 p=0.018). In addition, an increase in OHIP-14 score was observed in patients experiencing difficulty in smiling/laughing, cleaning their teeth or face, swallowing or talking, according to the jaw disability checklist (p=0.042, p=0.001, p=0.023 and p=0.007, respectively). Conclusion. Poor oral QoL was related to chronic pain and limitations in jaw function in patients with DDwR.