Publication: Jean Jacques Rousseau'nun toplum sözleşmesi'nde felsefi antropolojik ögeler
Abstract
İnsanlığın başlangıcından itibaren, insanların bütün işlevsel veya düşünsel eylemleri felsefenin konusunu oluşturmuştur. İnsanların kendilerini tanımlamaya çalışması, hareketlerini anlamlandırma isteği ile felsefe tarihi başlamıştır. Bu sorgulamalar düşünürleri metafiziksel bir alana yöneltmiş; varlık, bilgi, insan doğası gibi kavramlar düşünsel boyutta ele alınmıştır. Rönesans ile birlikte akılcılık ön plana çıkmış ve insan yaşamı araştırma konusu olmuştur. İnsan, yaşadığı dünyanın bir parçası olarak değerlendirilmiş ve kendisini, çevresini oluşturan bir aktör haline getirmiştir. Bu süreç içinde Immanuel Kant, felsefenin temelini antropolojiye dayandırmış, insan eylemlerini somut bir düzlem içinde açıklamaya çalışmıştır.Bu çalışmada, “felsefi antropoloji” kavramı Jean Jacques Rousseau’nun eseri olan Toplumsal Sözleşme çerçevesine indirgenerek, eserde bulunan felsefi antropolojik ögeler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Eserin içeriği açısından; felsefi antropoloji teorileri incelenmiş olup, siyasal antropoloji ve kültürel antropolojiye yer verilmiştir. Geniş bir kaynak taraması sonucu, bu çalışmanın literatürde felsefi antropoloji alanına katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır.
From the beginning of humanity, all functional or intellectual actions of individuals –or groups of individuals-, have been the subject of philosophy. The history of philosophy started with the human desire to define oneself and to make sense of social activities engulphing one’s existence. These inquiries have turned thinkers towards metaphysical field; and consequently, concepts such as existence, knowledge, and human nature started to be discussed in an intellectual dimension. With the Renaissance, rationality came to the fore, and human life became a research subject. An individual started to be considered as part of one’s world, and as an actor who forms oneself and one’s own environment. It is in this context that Immanuel Kant based philosophy on anthropology and tried to explain human behaviour in a concrete plane.The objective of this study is to examine the concept of philosophical anthropology within the framework of the Social Contract, the work of Jean Jacques Rousseau, and to reveal the philosophical anthropological elements in Rousseau’s work. To this end, philosophical anthropology theories have been studied. Political anthropology and cultural anthropology concepts have also been included. Following an extensive literature search, this work has been designed to fulfil a gap in the international philosophy literature in its own field of specialty.
From the beginning of humanity, all functional or intellectual actions of individuals –or groups of individuals-, have been the subject of philosophy. The history of philosophy started with the human desire to define oneself and to make sense of social activities engulphing one’s existence. These inquiries have turned thinkers towards metaphysical field; and consequently, concepts such as existence, knowledge, and human nature started to be discussed in an intellectual dimension. With the Renaissance, rationality came to the fore, and human life became a research subject. An individual started to be considered as part of one’s world, and as an actor who forms oneself and one’s own environment. It is in this context that Immanuel Kant based philosophy on anthropology and tried to explain human behaviour in a concrete plane.The objective of this study is to examine the concept of philosophical anthropology within the framework of the Social Contract, the work of Jean Jacques Rousseau, and to reveal the philosophical anthropological elements in Rousseau’s work. To this end, philosophical anthropology theories have been studied. Political anthropology and cultural anthropology concepts have also been included. Following an extensive literature search, this work has been designed to fulfil a gap in the international philosophy literature in its own field of specialty.